Table 6.
Measurement invariance by age group, gender, race/ethnicity, education level, geographical region of the United States, and population density of one’s community of residence for a measure of the willingness to use mHealth tools for pandemic-related screening and tracking.
| Fit index | Invariance models |
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Configural | Metric | Scalar |
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| Age groupa (N=2036) | |||||||||
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χ2 (df), P value | 0.00 (0), <.001 | 1.52 (6), .96 | 36.59 (30), .19 |
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RMSEAb (CI.90) | 0 (0-0) | 0 (0-0) | 0.021 (0-0.041) |
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CFIc | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
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SRMRd | 0 | 0.002 | 0.019 |
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| Gendere (N=2036) | |||||||||
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χ2 (df), P value | 0 (0), <.001 | 8.133 (2), .02 | 17.79 (10), .06 |
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RMSEA (CI.90) | 0 (0-0) | 0.055 (0.020-0.096) | 0.028 (0-0.048) |
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CFI | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.999 |
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SRMR | 0 | 0.006 | 0.009 |
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| Race/ethnicityf (N=2001) | |||||||||
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χ2 (df), P value | 0 (0), <.001 | 4.42 (6), .62 | 28.14 (30), .56 |
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RMSEA (CI.90) | 0 (0-0) | 0 (0-0.049) | 0 (0-0.031) |
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CFI | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
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SRMR | 0 | 0.004 | 0.013 |
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| Education levelg (N=2036) | |||||||||
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χ2 (df), P value | 0 (0), <.001 | 5.49 (4), .24 | 24.52 (20), .22 |
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RMSEA (CI.90) | 0 (0-0) | 0.023 (0-0.066) | 0.018 (0-0.040) |
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CFI | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
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SRMR | 0 | 0.004 | 0.013 |
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| Geographical region of the United Statesh (N=2036) | |||||||||
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χ2 (df), P value | 0 (0), <.001 | 6.80 (6), .34 | 36.66 (30), .19 |
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RMSEA (CI.90) | 0 (0-0) | 0.016 (0-0.062) | 0.021 (0-0.0410 |
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CFI | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.999 |
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SRMR | 0 | 0.005 | 0.016 |
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| Population density of one’s lived communityi (N=2036) | |||||||||
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χ2 (df), P value | 0 (0), <.001 | 1.986 (4), .74 | 16.63 (20), .68 |
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RMSEA (CI.90) | 0 (0-0) | 0 (0-0.041) | 0 (0-0.027) |
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CFI | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
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SRMR | 0 | 0.002 | 0.011 |
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aAge groups were 18-29, 30-44, 45-59, and ≥60 years.
bRMSEA: root mean square error of approximation.
cCFI: comparative fit index.
dSRMR: standardized root mean square residual.
eGender categories are male and female.
fRace categories were Black/African American, Hispanic/Latino, White, and other race/ethnicity.
gEducation categories were high school diploma or equivalent or less, some college, and bachelor’s degree or greater.
hGeographical regions of the United States were the Northeast, the Midwest, the South, and the West.
iThe population density of one’s lived community was represented as rural, suburban, and urban.