TABLE 3.
Pairwise comparison of fixation indices for Carcharhinus leucas.
| E‐PAC | W‐ATL | E‐ATL | IWP | Japan | Fiji | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Australia | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| GOC | COR | BRZ | CAR | GOM | WNA | SIL | SAF | MOZ | RUN | SEY | ARP | SRL | TAI | IND | PNG | FZR | VIR | DAR | ADR | DWC | SAR | EAR | BMB | ROR | TOR | WER | TRI | CLR | SYH | UNK | OKI | URR | FIJ | |
| GOC | 0.124 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0.788 | NA | 0.968 | *0.967 | 0.804 | 0.664 | 0.677 | 0.951 | 0.931 | 0.649 | *0.951 | *0.934 | 0.923 | NA | *0.977 | 0.944 | *0.988 | 0.988 | 0.985 | *0.932 | 1.000 | *0.966 | 0.936 | NA | 0.937 | 0.989 | 0.848 | |
| COR | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0.958 | *0.913 | NA | *0.969 | *0.968 | *0.877 | *0.832 | *0.887 | *0.965 | *0.951 | *0.891 | *0.959 | *0.947 | *0.944 | NA | *0.975 | *0.956 | *0.979 | *0.973 | *0.974 | *0.949 | *0.975 | *0.968 | *0.954 | NA | *0.957 | 0.981 | *0.925 | |
| BRZ | *0.220 | *0.237 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| CAR | *0.229 | *0.248 | *0.007 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| GOM | *0.225 | *0.243 | *0.004 | *0.006 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| WNA | *0.229 | *0.251 | *0.005 | *0.003 | *0.004 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| SIL | NA | NA | 0.467 | 0.473 | 0.473 | 0.476 | 0.788 | NA | 0.968 | 0.967 | *0.802 | 0.662 | 0.676 | 0.950 | 0.930 | 0.646 | *0.950 | *0.933 | 0.922 | NA | *0.977 | 0.943 | 0.988 | 0.988 | 0.985 | 0.931 | 1.000 | 0.966 | 0.935 | NA | 0.937 | *0.989 | 0.846 | |
| SAF | *0.478 | *0.497 | *0.472 | *0.473 | *0.476 | *0.479 | 0.098 | NA | 0.211 | *0.159 | *0.590 | 0.113 | 0.048 | 0.747 | *0.782 | 0.276 | *0.828 | *0.813 | *0.784 | NA | *0.897 | *0.808 | *0.846 | *0.736 | *0.757 | *0.800 | *0.741 | *0.849 | *0.781 | NA | *0.777 | *0.884 | *0.643 | |
| MOZ | *0.489 | *0.508 | *0.481 | *0.482 | *0.485 | *0.488 | 0.107 | *0.004 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| RUN | *0.485 | *0.502 | *0.476 | *0.478 | *0.481 | *0.483 | 0.104 | *0.002 | *0.006 | *0.606 | *0.776 | *0.456 | *0.520 | *0.941 | *0.919 | *0.713 | *0.933 | *0.915 | *0.911 | NA | *0.958 | *0.929 | *0.963 | *0.953 | *0.954 | *0.918 | *0.956 | *0.946 | *0.925 | NA | *0.931 | *0.967 | *0.864 | |
| SEY | *0.486 | *0.502 | *0.476 | *0.478 | *0.481 | *0.483 | 0.107 | *0.002 | *0.006 | *0.003 | *0.776 | *0.395 | *0.399 | *0.937 | *0.916 | *0.678 | *0.929 | *0.912 | *0.907 | NA | *0.955 | *0.925 | *0.959 | *0.949 | *0.950 | *0.915 | *0.952 | *0.943 | *0.922 | NA | *0.928 | *0.964 | *0.862 | |
| ARP | *0.479 | *0.496 | *0.470 | *0.472 | *0.475 | *0.477 | 0.102 | *0.002 | *0.005 | *0.002 | *0.002 | *0.292 | *0.387 | 0.135 | *0.286 | *0.203 | *0.322 | *0.252 | *0.224 | NA | *0.483 | *0.256 | *0.392 | 0.256 | *0.287 | *0.227 | 0.228 | *0.362 | *0.272 | NA | *0.256 | *0.326 | *0.219 | |
| SRL | *0.492 | *0.507 | *0.480 | *0.481 | *0.484 | *0.487 | 0.107 | *0.003 | *0.006 | *0.003 | *0.005 | 0.001 | 0.000 | *0.391 | *0.504 | 0.000 | *0.563 | *0.552 | *0.500 | NA | *0.692 | *0.524 | *0.561 | *0.404 | *0.434 | *0.520 | *0.393 | *0.585 | *0.490 | NA | *0.476 | *0.610 | *0.334 | |
| TAI | 0.492 | *0.509 | *0.480 | *0.482 | *0.484 | *0.487 | 0.122 | *0.011 | *0.013 | *0.010 | *0.012 | *0.009 | *0.011 | *0.550 | *0.648 | 0.030 | *0.713 | *0.691 | *0.646 | NA | *0.825 | *0.677 | *0.729 | *0.544 | *0.580 | *0.666 | *0.539 | *0.741 | *0.638 | NA | *0.621 | *0.780 | *0.451 | |
| IND | 0.478 | *0.497 | *0.468 | *0.470 | *0.473 | *0.475 | 0.102 | *0.009 | *0.013 | *0.012 | *0.014 | *0.012 | *0.014 | *0.020 | *0.424 | *0.345 | *0.463 | *0.320 | *0.255 | NA | *0.705 | *0.389 | *0.762 | *0.651 | *0.673 | *0.308 | *0.629 | *0.571 | *0.409 | NA | *0.425 | *0.660 | *0.321 | |
| PNG | *0.483 | *0.497 | *0.471 | *0.472 | *0.475 | *0.478 | 0.108 | *0.004 | *0.012 | *0.005 | *0.006 | *0.006 | *0.006 | *0.013 | *0.015 | *0.405 | *0.290 | *0.245 | *0.153 | NA | *0.486 | *0.277 | *0.475 | *0.343 | *0.380 | *0.257 | *0.429 | *0.427 | *0.116 | NA | *0.411 | *0.639 | *0.339 | |
| FZR | NA | *0.512 | *0.483 | *0.483 | *0.487 | *0.489 | NA | 0.002 | 0.006 | 0.003 | *0.007 | 0.005 | *0.009 | 0.016 | 0.017 | 0.005 | *0.439 | *0.433 | *0.375 | NA | *0.611 | *0.404 | *0.469 | 0.197 | *0.256 | 0.405 | 0.288 | *0.543 | *0.399 | NA | *0.431 | *0.666 | *0.210 | |
| VIR | *0.483 | *0.497 | *0.472 | *0.473 | *0.476 | *0.479 | 0.105 | 0.001 | *0.005 | *0.004 | *0.004 | *0.003 | *0.004 | *0.011 | *0.014 | *0.006 | 0.004 | *0.063 | 0.039 | NA | *0.042 | 0.030 | *0.133 | 0.009 | 0.073 | *0.069 | *0.502 | *0.440 | *0.317 | NA | *0.501 | *0.667 | *0.410 | |
| DAR | *0.485 | *0.500 | *0.476 | *0.477 | *0.480 | *0.483 | 0.103 | *0.001 | *0.006 | *0.002 | *0.002 | *0.002 | *0.003 | *0.011 | *0.012 | *0.003 | *0.006 | *0.002 | 0.025 | NA | *0.206 | 0.005 | *0.268 | 0.145 | *0.194 | *0.029 | *0.377 | *0.366 | *0.259 | NA | *0.386 | *0.514 | *0.358 | |
| ADR | *0.485 | *0.501 | *0.475 | *0.477 | *0.479 | *0.482 | 0.108 | *0.002 | *0.005 | *0.002 | *0.002 | 0.001 | *0.003 | *0.011 | *0.009 | *0.004 | 0.001 | *0.003 | *0.001 | NA | *0.223 | 0.028 | *0.234 | 0.110 | *0.156 | *0.018 | *0.335 | *0.338 | *0.184 | NA | *0.356 | *0.514 | *0.312 | |
| DWC | *0.475 | *0.493 | *0.468 | *0.469 | *0.472 | *0.475 | 0.099 | 0.001 | *0.006 | *0.004 | *0.003 | *0.003 | *0.005 | *0.012 | *0.011 | *0.005 | 0.003 | 0.001 | *0.002 | *0.002 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| SAR | *0.485 | *0.500 | *0.475 | *0.476 | *0.479 | *0.482 | 0.105 | 0.001 | *0.005 | *0.003 | *0.002 | *0.002 | *0.003 | *0.009 | *0.012 | *0.004 | *0.004 | *0.002 | *0.001 | *0.001 | *0.002 | *0.148 | *0.147 | 0.062 | *0.148 | *0.233 | *0.720 | *0.603 | *0.527 | NA | *0.687 | *0.802 | *0.594 | |
| EAR | *0.483 | *0.499 | *0.475 | *0.476 | *0.479 | *0.482 | 0.104 | *0.001 | *0.006 | *0.003 | *0.002 | *0.002 | *0.002 | *0.011 | *0.013 | *0.004 | *0.004 | *0.002 | *0.001 | 0.001 | *0.002 | 0.000 | *0.245 | 0.103 | 0.163 | *0.044 | *0.449 | *0.411 | *0.294 | NA | *0.435 | *0.615 | *0.363 | |
| BMB | *0.486 | *0.502 | *0.476 | *0.477 | *0.480 | *0.483 | 0.109 | *0.005 | *0.008 | *0.005 | *0.006 | *0.006 | *0.007 | *0.013 | *0.016 | *0.008 | *0.009 | *0.006 | *0.005 | *0.004 | *0.006 | *0.005 | *0.005 | *0.296 | *0.331 | *0.236 | *0.873 | *0.646 | *0.528 | NA | *0.691 | *0.883 | *0.512 | |
| ROR | *0.481 | *0.502 | *0.475 | *0.476 | *0.479 | *0.482 | 0.098 | *0.002 | 0.006 | *0.004 | *0.004 | *0.003 | 0.003 | *0.010 | *0.013 | *0.006 | *0.006 | *0.004 | *0.002 | 0.003 | 0.003 | *0.002 | 0.002 | *0.006 | 0.000 | *0.132 | *0.911 | *0.578 | *0.394 | NA | *0.574 | *0.880 | *0.326 | |
| TOR | *0.495 | *0.508 | *0.481 | *0.483 | *0.485 | *0.489 | 0.114 | *0.006 | *0.011 | *0.007 | *0.006 | *0.004 | *0.008 | *0.015 | *0.019 | *0.010 | 0.006 | *0.007 | *0.006 | *0.005 | *0.005 | *0.005 | *0.005 | *0.008 | 0.005 | *0.175 | *0.885 | *0.597 | *0.428 | NA | *0.598 | *0.879 | *0.367 | |
| WER | *0.488 | *0.503 | *0.477 | *0.478 | *0.481 | *0.484 | 0.111 | *0.003 | *0.008 | *0.002 | *0.003 | *0.002 | *0.003 | *0.012 | *0.014 | *0.005 | 0.004 | *0.004 | *0.002 | *0.002 | 0.002 | *0.001 | *0.001 | *0.006 | *0.004 | *0.006 | *0.357 | *0.348 | *0.255 | NA | *0.378 | *0.529 | *0.328 | |
| TRI | 0.478 | *0.498 | *0.470 | *0.472 | *0.475 | *0.477 | 0.103 | *0.004 | 0.010 | *0.007 | *0.006 | *0.005 | *0.011 | 0.013 | 0.013 | 0.008 | 0.002 | 0.006 | 0.002 | *0.006 | 0.003 | *0.004 | 0.002 | 0.007 | 0.002 | 0.010 | 0.004 | 0.000 | 0.186 | NA | *0.551 | *0.882 | 0.000 | |
| CLR | *0.473 | *0.488 | *0.465 | *0.466 | *0.469 | *0.472 | 0.103 | *0.002 | *0.005 | *0.003 | *0.003 | *0.002 | *0.004 | *0.010 | *0.012 | *0.005 | *0.004 | *0.003 | *0.002 | *0.001 | *0.002 | *0.001 | *0.001 | *0.005 | *0.003 | *0.005 | *0.002 | *0.004 | *0.188 | NA | *0.570 | *0.750 | *0.178 | |
| SYH | *0.485 | *0.500 | *0.475 | *0.476 | *0.479 | *0.482 | 0.104 | *0.002 | *0.005 | *0.003 | *0.003 | *0.002 | *0.003 | *0.011 | *0.013 | *0.004 | 0.003 | *0.002 | *0.001 | 0.000 | 0.002 | *0.001 | *0.001 | *0.005 | *0.003 | *0.005 | *0.002 | *0.004 | *0.001 | NA | *0.446 | *0.666 | *0.178 | |
| UNK | *0.484 | *0.499 | *0.473 | *0.474 | *0.477 | *0.480 | 0.104 | *0.003 | *0.008 | *0.005 | *0.004 | *0.005 | *0.006 | *0.015 | *0.013 | *0.009 | 0.005 | *0.005 | *0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 | *0.002 | *0.002 | *0.007 | *0.004 | 0.005 | *0.004 | 0.003 | *0.002 | *0.002 | NA | NA | NA | |
| OKI | *0.507 | *0.516 | *0.486 | *0.488 | *0.490 | *0.494 | 0.125 | *0.017 | *0.024 | *0.017 | *0.018 | *0.018 | *0.023 | *0.028 | *0.023 | *0.022 | *0.018 | *0.019 | *0.016 | *0.017 | *0.018 | *0.017 | *0.017 | *0.021 | *0.019 | *0.023 | *0.018 | *0.019 | *0.016 | *0.017 | *0.016 | *0.555 | *0.611 | |
| URR | *0.509 | *0.519 | *0.492 | *0.493 | *0.496 | *0.499 | 0.142 | *0.021 | *0.026 | *0.023 | *0.020 | *0.021 | *0.025 | *0.033 | *0.034 | *0.024 | *0.023 | *0.024 | *0.022 | *0.021 | *0.021 | *0.021 | *0.021 | *0.027 | *0.024 | *0.028 | *0.021 | *0.024 | *0.021 | *0.022 | *0.021 | *0.032 | *0.389 | |
| FIJ | *0.499 | *0.514 | *0.486 | *0.487 | *0.491 | *0.493 | 0.116 | *0.018 | *0.023 | *0.017 | *0.017 | *0.016 | *0.019 | *0.027 | *0.026 | *0.019 | *0.017 | *0.018 | *0.018 | *0.017 | *0.019 | *0.017 | *0.016 | *0.020 | *0.019 | *0.021 | *0.018 | *0.022 | *0.016 | *0.017 | *0.018 | *0.032 | *0.037 | |
Note: FST values are presented in the bottom diagonal and sequence‐based ΦST are in the top diagonal. ‘NA’ values indicate that no or too few samples were available to estimate genetic differentiation. Asterisks (*) indicate statistical significance of p < .05. No pairwise comparisons were significant after Bonferroni correction. Fixation indices are colored from high (red) to medium (yellow) to low (blue) values. GOC, Gulf of California; COR, Costa Rica; BRZ, Brazil; CAR, Caribbean Sea; GOM, Gulf of Mexico; WNA, Western North Atlantic; SIL, Sierra Leone; SAF, South Africa; MOZ, Mozambique; RUN, Réunion Island; SEY, Seychelles; ARP, Arabian Peninsula; SRL, Sri Lanka; TAI, Thailand; IND, Indonesia; PNG, Papua New Guinea; FZR, Fitzroy River; VIR, Victoria River; DAR, Daly River; ADR, Adelaide River; DWC, Darwin Coastal; SAR, South Alligator River; EAR, East Alligator River; BMB, Blue Mud Bay; ROR, Roper River; TOR, Towns River; WER, Wenlock River; TRI, Trinity Inlet; CLR, Clarence River; SYH, Sydney Harbor; and UNK, Australian fisheries samples from unknown origin; OKI, Churaumi Aquarium, Okinawa; URR, Urauchi River; and FIJ, Fiji.