Fig. 1.

Electrically switchable metasurface pixels by flash localised heating. a Illustration of the fabricated sample, composed of designed nanoholes in a silicon film, so-called hole array metasurfaces, embedded in an ITO transparent heater. The pixel’s optical responses are switched by applying a voltage across the contacts, which locally heats the metasurfaces. The thermo-optical effect results in an alteration of the metasurface scattering properties. b The calculated transmission spectra of hole-array metasurfaces together with the normalised electric field profiles (|E|) at both resonances. The parameters of the design are his = 155 nm, d₁ = 78 nm, d₂ = 101 nm, h_ITO = 380 nm, and pitch Λ = 350 nm. c Coloured SEM image of the fabricated sample