Table 1.
Characteristics of Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago (PINE Study} Participants.
| No depressive symptoms (n = l,424) | Any depressive symptoms (n = l,7l7) | χ2 | df | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| Age, n (%) | |||||
| 60–64 | 333 (23.4) | 348 (20.3) | |||
| 65–69 | 326 (22.9) | 315 (18.4) | |||
| 70–74 | 278 (19.5) | 326 (19.0) | |||
| 75–79 | 221 (15.5) | 330 (19.2) | |||
| 80 and above | 266(l8.7) | 398 (23.2) | 25.0 | 4 | <.00l |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 663 (46.6) | 626 (36.5) | |||
| Female | 76l (53.4) | l,09l (63.5) | 32.8 | l | <.00l |
| Education (years), n (%) | |||||
| 0–8 | 692 (48.7) | 836 (48.9) | |||
| 9–12 | 42l(29.6) | 5l8 (30.3) | |||
| 13 and above | 308(21.7) | 355 (20.8) | 0.43 | 2 | .81 |
| Income (in US$), n (%) | |||||
| 0–4,999 | 468 (33.l) | 57l (33.5) | |||
| 5,000–9,999 | 688 (48.7) | 927 (54.3) | |||
| 10,000–14,999 | 159 (ll.3) | l5l(8.9) | |||
| 15,000 and more | 98 (6.9) | 57 (3.3) | 29.4 | 3 | <.00l |
| Marital status, n (%) | |||||
| Married | l,057 (74.7) | l,l68 (68.5) | |||
| Separated | 20 (l.4) | 37 (2.2) | |||
| Divorced | 3l (2.2) | 43 (2.5) | |||
| Widowed | 307 (2l.7) | 456 (26.8) | 15.0 | 3 | <.05 |
| Number of children, n (%) | |||||
| 0–1 | 185 (13.0) | 283 (16.5) | |||
| 2–3 | 8l6 (57.4) | 923 (53.8) | |||
| 4 and more | 420 (29.6) | 509 (29.7) | 8.14 | 2 | <.05 |
| Living arrangement, n (%) | |||||
| Living alone | 280 (19.7) | 392 (22.8) | |||
| 1–2 | 729 (5l.2) | 838 (48.8) | |||
| 3 or more | 414 (29.l) | 487 (28.4) | 4.68 | 2 | .l0 |
| Years in the United States, n (%) | |||||
| 0–9 | 324 (22.9) | 383 (22.4) | |||
| 10–19 | 4l0 (28.9) | 523 (30.6) | |||
| 20–29 | 375 (26.5) | 447 (26.l) | |||
| 30 and more | 308 (2l.7) | 357 (20.9) | l.08 | 3 | .78 |
| Years in the community, n (%) | |||||
| 0–9 | 689 (48.5) | 934 (54.6) | |||
| 10–19 | 372 (26.2) | 416 (24.3) | |||
| 20–29 | 241(16.9) | 222 (13.0) | |||
| 30 and more | 120 (8.4) | 138 (8.1) | 15.1 | 3 | <.0I |
| Country of origin, n (%) | |||||
| Mainland China | 1,330 (93.4) | 1,585 (92.3) | |||
| Hong Kong/Macau | 36 (2.5) | 68 (4.0) | |||
| Taiwan | 21 (1.5) | 21 (1.2) | |||
| Vietnam/Thailand/ | 20 (1.4) | 37 (2.2) | |||
| Philippine/Malaysia, n (%) | |||||
| United States/Canada | 8 (0.6) | 2 (0.1) | |||
| Others | 9 (0.6) | 4 (0.2) | 1.38 | 1 | .24 |
| Overall health status, n (%) | |||||
| Very good | 91 (6.4) | 48 (2.8) | |||
| Good | 675 (47.4) | 417 (24.3) | |||
| Fair | 555 (39.0) | 761 (44.3) | |||
| Poor | 103 (7.2) | 491 (28.6) | 335.5 | 3 | <.001 |
| Quality of life, n (%) | |||||
| Very good | 112 (7.9) | 103 (6.0) | |||
| Good | 728 (51.1) | 651 (37.9) | |||
| Fair | 555 (39.0) | 892 (52.0) | |||
| Poor | 29 (2.0) | 70 (4.1) | 73.6 | 3 | <.001 |
| Health changes over the last year, n (%) | |||||
| Improved | 122 (8.6) | 152 (8.9) | |||
| Same | 907 (63.7) | 623 (36.3) | |||
| Worsened | 395 (27.7) | 940 (54.8) | 253.7 | 2 | <.001 |