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. 2023 Feb 22;16(3):615–627. doi: 10.1007/s40653-023-00527-z

Table 3.

Indirect Mediated Effects

Parameter Indirect Effect
β 90% CI
ACE → Substance use 0.36** [0.22, 0.73]
ACE → Smoking 0.13** [0.06, 0.26]
ACE → Mental Health − 0.26** [-0.35, − 0.18]

Note. *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001 based on 200 bootstrapping sample. ACE = adverse childhood experiences