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. 2023 Feb 8;11:1074429. doi: 10.3389/fped.2023.1074429

Table 3.

Summary of findings.

PA for lung function
Patient or population: children with asthma
Settings: outpatient
Intervention: PA
Outcomes Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI) Relative effect
(95% CI)
No of Participants
(studies)
Quality of the evidence
(GRADE)
Comments
Assumed risk Corresponding risk
  Control Lung function        
lung function - FEV1 The mean lung function - FEV1 in the intervention groups was
3.86 higher
 (1.15 to 6.58 higher)
292
 (6 studies)
⊕⊕⊕⊝
moderate1
MD 3.17 (−2.82 to 9.15)
lung function - FVC The mean lung function - FVC in the intervention groups was
8.16 higher
 (5.1 to 11.21 higher)
292
(6 studies)
⊕⊕⊕⊝
moderate1
MD 7.62 (3.46 to 11.78)
lung function - FEV1/FVC The mean lung function - FEV1/FVC in the intervention groups was
0.84 higher
 (1.51 lower to 3.2 higher)
224
 (4 studies)
⊕⊕⊕⊝
moderate1
MD 0.73 (2.76 to 4.22)
lung function - FEF25 75 The mean lung function - FEF2575 in the intervention groups was
10.39 higher
 (2.96 to 17.82 higher)
158
(2 studies)
⊕⊕⊕⊝
moderate1
MD 10.39 (2.96 to 17.82)
lung function - PEF The mean lung function - PEF in the intervention groups was
0.44 higher
 (6.71 lower to 7.58 higher)
134
 (2 studies)
⊕⊕⊕⊝
moderate1
MD 0.44 (6.71 to 7.58)
*The basis for the assumed risk (e.g. the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI).
PA: Physical activity; CI: Confidence interval; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in the first second; FVC: forced vital capacity; FEF2575: forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of forced vital capacity; PEF: peak expiratory flow.
GRADE Working Group grades of evidence
High quality: Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect.
Moderate quality: Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate.
Low quality: Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate.
Very low quality: We are very uncertain about the estimate.
1 not fully blind
PA for QoL
Patient or population: children with asthma
Settings: outpatient
Intervention: PA
Outcomes Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI) Relative effect
(95% CI)
No of Participants
(studies)
Quality of the evidence
(GRADE)
Comments
Assumed risk Corresponding risk
  Control QoL        
PAQLQ - Overall The mean PAQLQ - overall in the intervention groups was
1.38 standard deviations higher
 (0.26 to 2.5 higher)
298
 (5 studies)
⊕⊕⊝⊝
low1,2
SMD 1.38 (0.26 to 2.5)
PAQLQ - Symptoms The mean PAQLQ - symptoms in the intervention groups was
1.4 standard deviations higher
(0.22 to 2.57 higher)
298
(5 studies)
⊕⊕⊝⊝
low1,2
SMD 1.4 (0.22 to 2.57)
PAQLQ - Activity limitation The mean PAQLQ - activity limitation in the intervention groups was
1.37 standard deviations higher
 (0.18 to 2.56 higher)
298
 (5 studies)
⊕⊕⊝⊝
low1,2
SMD 1.37 (0.18 to 2.56)
PAQLQ - Emotions function The mean PAQLQ - emotions function in the intervention groups was
1.35 standard deviations higher
(0.34 to 2.36 higher)
298
(5 studies)
⊕⊕⊝⊝
low1,2
SMD 1.35 (0.34 to 2.36)
*The basis for the assumed risk (e.g. the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI).
PA: Physical activity; QoL: quality of life; CI: Confidence interval; PAQLQ: the Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire
GRADE Working Group grades of evidence
High quality: Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect.
Moderate quality: Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate.
Low quality: Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate.
Very low quality: We are very uncertain about the estimate.
1 not fully blind
2 subjective parameter
PA for FeNO
Patient or population: children with asthma
Settings: outpatient
Intervention: PA
Outcomes Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI) Relative effect
(95% CI)
No of Participants
(studies)
Quality of the evidence
(GRADE)
Comments
Assumed risk Corresponding risk
  Control FeNO        
FeNO The mean FeNO in the intervention groups was
1.74 lower
 (11.36 lower to 7.88 higher)
128
 (2 studies)
⊕⊕⊕⊝
moderate1
MD1.74 (11.36 to 7.88)
*The basis for the assumed risk (e.g. the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI).
PA: Physical activity; FeNO: Fractional exhaled nitric oxide; CI: Confidence interval;
GRADE Working Group grades of evidence
High quality: Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect.
Moderate quality: Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate.
Low quality: Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate.
Very low quality: We are very uncertain about the estimate.
1 not fully blind