Table 3.
Results of multiple linear regression analysis that evaluated the association between serum 25(OH)D with oxidative stress markers and matrix metalloproteinases (n = 189).a
| Variables | Serum 25(OH)D levels | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| B (SE) | β | P-value | |
| MDA (nmol/mL) | −0.03 (0.01) | −0.69 | <0.0001 |
| TOS (μmol H2O2 Equiv./L) | −0.17 (0.03) | −0.44 | <0.0001 |
| TAC (mmol/L) | 0.03 (0.01) | 0.72 | <0.0001 |
| SOD (U/gHb) | −4.45 (0.96) | −0.33 | <0.0001 |
| GPX (U/gHb) | 0.10 (0.07) | 0.11 | 0.133 |
| CAT (K/gHb) | −0.23 (0.31) | −0.06 | 0.450 |
| PON-1 (U/mL) | 0.12 (0.11) | 0.08 | 0.300 |
| OSI | −0.03 (0.01) | −0.55 | <0.0001 |
| MMP-1 (ng/mL) | −0.10 (0.01) | −0.46 | <0.0001 |
| MMP-3 (ng/mL) | −0.03 (0.02) | −0.12 | 0.101 |
| MMP-13 (ng/mL) | −0.01 (0.01) | −0.30 | <0.0001 |
| COMP (ng/mL) | −1.53 (1.14) | −0.09 | 0.180 |
MDA, malondialdehyde; TOS, total oxidant status; TAC, total antioxidant capacity; SOD, superoxide dismutase; GPx, glutathione peroxidase; CAT, catalase; PON-1, paraoxonase-1; OSI, oxidative stress index; MMP-1, matrix metalloproteinase-1; MMP-3, matrix metalloproteinase-3; MMP-13, matrix metalloproteinase-13; COMP, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein; B, unstandardized coefficient; S.E., standard error.
a
Adjusted for age, sex, BMI, cigarette smoking, physical activity, and use of vitamin D and calcium supplements.