Table 3.

The experimental results under 30 dimensions.

Function	Index	PSO	DE	FA	pGWO-CSA
F1	mean	6.18 × 10−10	2.35 × 10−1	4.92 × 10−1	5.97 × 10−44
	std	1.97 × 10−9	1.41 × 10−1	6.87 × 10−2	1.12 × 10−43
	min	5.49 × 10−18	4.00 × 10−2	3.08 × 10−1	6.65 × 10−47
	max	1.09 × 10−8	6.23 × 10−1	6.09 × 10−1	4.87 × 10−43
F2	mean	4.30 × 10−7	3.48 × 10−1	3.19 × 100	3.66 × 10−27
	std	1.70 × 10−6	1.13 × 10−1	1.65 × 10−1	3.51 × 10−27
	min	8.23 × 10−13	1.87 × 10−1	2.93 × 100	3.98 × 10−28
	max	9.52 × 10−6	7.07 × 10−1	3.53 × 100	1.54 × 10−26
F3	mean	1.12 × 10−6	3.45 × 100	8.68 × 100	2.24 × 10−42
	std	5.03 × 10−6	1.97 × 100	1.32 × 100	8.92 × 10−42
	min	2.17 × 10−16	6.70 × 10−1	6.05 × 100	3.59 × 10−45
	max	2.78 × 10−5	8.94 × 100	1.18 × 101	5.00 × 10−41
F4	mean	3.24 × 10−3	2.09 × 101	3.12 × 10−1	1.08 × 10−11
	std	5.28 × 10−3	6.64 × 100	2.14 × 10−2	1.21 × 10−11
	min	8.06 × 10−7	1.13 × 101	2.72 × 10−1	1.00 × 10−12
	max	2.34 × 10−2	4.23 × 101	3.49 × 10−1	4.94 × 10−11
F5	mean	2.82 × 101	1.73 × 102	1.63 × 102	2.67 × 101
	std	4.07 × 10−1	9.13 × 101	1.64 × 102	5.18 × 10−1
	min	2.75 × 101	4.80 × 101	6.81 × 101	2.59 × 101
	max	2.89 × 101	4.90 × 102	6.18 × 102	2.80 × 101
F6	mean	4.81 × 100	2.11 × 10−1	5.06 × 10−1	4.20 × 10−1
	std	1.61 × 10−1	1.21 × 10−1	3.58 × 10−2	3.28 × 10−1
	min	4.19 × 100	3.27 × 10−2	3.93 × 10−1	3.14 × 10−6
	max	5.05 × 100	4.90 × 10−1	5.62 × 10−1	1.50 × 100
F7	mean	2.36 × 10−3	1.08 × 10−1	5.54 × 10−1	1.38 × 10−3
	std	2.06 × 10−3	2.78 × 10−2	1.08 × 10−1	8.15 × 10−4
	min	1.19 × 10−4	4.20 × 10−2	2.92 × 10−1	3.62 × 10−4
	max	1.01 × 10−2	1.71 × 10−1	8.16 × 10−1	3.67 × 10−3
F8	mean	−2.98 × 103	−5.88 × 103	−4.16 × 103	−6.13 × 103
	std	3.37 × 102	4.45 × 102	1.45 × 103	7.70 × 102
	min	−3.79 × 103	−7.27 × 103	−7.10 × 103	−7.55 × 103
	max	−2.52 × 103	−5.15 × 103	−2.14 × 103	−4.68 × 103
F9	mean	2.18 × 10−7	2.07 × 102	2.28 × 102	0.00 × 100
	std	1.05 × 10−6	1.79 × 101	2.52 × 101	0.00 × 100
	min	0.00 × 100	1.59 × 102	1.67 × 102	0.00 × 100
	max	5.88 × 10−6	2.57 × 102	2.89 × 102	0.00 × 100
F10	mean	8.55 × 10−6	7.65 × 100	1.96 × 101	8.17 × 10−15
	std	2.19 × 10−5	9.03 × 100	2.19 × 10−1	2.62 × 10−15
	min	2.69 × 10−11	1.16 × 10−1	1.89 × 101	3.55 × 10−15
	max	1.19 × 10−4	2.00 × 101	2.00 × 101	1.42 × 10−14
F11	mean	1.36 × 10−7	5.09 × 10−1	4.10 × 10−2	0.00 × 100
	std	4.09 × 10−7	2.14 × 10−1	1.68 × 10−2	0.00 × 100
	min	3.33 × 10−15	1.09 × 10−1	2.01 × 10−2	0.00 × 100
	max	1.73 × 10−6	9.29 × 10−1	9.22 × 10−2	0.00 × 100
F12	mean	5.12 × 10−8	1.88 × 100	1.57 × 101	0.00 × 100
	std	2.09 × 10−7	1.54 × 100	1.26 × 100	0.00 × 100
	min	0.00 × 100	2.85 × 10−1	1.21 × 101	0.00 × 100
	max	1.16 × 10−6	7.37 × 100	1.74 × 101	0.00 × 100
F13	mean	2.04 × 10−6	4.98 × 100	1.25 × 101	1.28 × 10−23
	std	9.07 × 10−6	4.04 × 100	2.34 × 100	3.86 × 10−23
	min	1.42 × 10−11	6.93 × 10−2	7.89 × 100	1.70 × 10−27
	max	5.07 × 10−5	1.36 × 101	1.89 × 101	1.68 × 10−22
F14	mean	2.15 × 10−7	1.28 × 100	8.11 × 100	5.36 × 10−6
	std	7.67 × 10−7	9.24 × 10−1	2.43 × 100	7.72 × 10−6
	min	1.82 × 10−17	3.42 × 10−1	4.29 × 100	2.86 × 10−8
	max	4.12 × 10−6	4.46 × 100	1.38 × 101	2.89 × 10−5
F15	mean	3.18 × 10−10	1.78 × 10−11	7.03 × 10−12	1.75 × 10−16
	std	1.38 × 10−10	1.04 × 10−11	1.01 × 10−11	5.99 × 10−16
	min	5.84 × 10−11	2.91 × 10−12	1.29 × 10−13	2.30 × 10−17
	max	6.33 × 10−10	4.72 × 10−11	4.54 × 10−11	3.39 × 10−15