Table 2.
Associations between the DNAm z-score at LINE-1 and Repeated Measures of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors using Mixed-effects Models (n = 242).
| LINE-1 z-Score at Site 1 | LINE-1 z-Score at Site 2 | LINE-1 z-Score at Site 3 | LINE-1 z-Score at Site 4 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimate (SE) | p-Value | Estimate (SE) | p-Value | Estimate (SE) | p-Value | Estimate (SE) | p-Value | |
| Waist circumference (cm) (Total number of observations = 441, of which 43 (17.77%) subjects had one measurement and 199 (82.23%) subjects had two measurements) | ||||||||
| Model 1 | −0.5960 (1.0435) | 0.5684 | 1.1418 (1.4217) | 0.4227 | −0.4783 (1.1510) | 0.6781 | 0.2997 (0.9013) | 0.7398 |
| Model 2 | 0.5615 (1.0072) | 0.5777 | 0.9837 (1.3686) | 0.4730 | −1.7757 (1.1106) | 0.1111 | 0.3214 (0.8710) | 0.7124 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) (Total number of observations = 441, of which 43 (17.77%) subjects had one measurement and 199 (82.23%) subjects had two measurements) | ||||||||
| Model 1 | −0.4560 (0.8541) | 0.5939 | −0.1855 (1.1698) | 0.8741 | 0.1632 (0.9435) | 0.8628 | 0.9703 (0.7361) | 0.1887 |
| Model 2 | −0.9634 (0.8928) | 0.2817 | −0.00023 (1.2181) | 0.9999 | 0.4640 (0.9898) | 0.6397 | 0.8922 (0.7676) | 0.2464 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) (Total number of observations = 441, of which 43 (17.77%) subjects had one measurement and 199 (82.23%) subjects had two measurements) | ||||||||
| Model 1 | −0.5185 (0.5769) | 0.3697 | −0.1316 (0.7927) | 0.8682 | 0.2271 (0.6379) | 0.7221 | 0.3619 (0.4966) | 0.4669 |
| Model 2 | −0.6759 (0.5947) | 0.2570 | −0.04549 (0.8136) | 0.9555 | 0.3404 (0.6613) | 0.6072 | 0.3674 (0.5094) | 0.4716 |
| Log-transformed fasting glucose (mg/dL) (Total number of observations = 438, of which 46 (19.01%) subjects had one measurement and 196 (80.99%) subjects had two measurements) | ||||||||
| Model 1 | −0.01570 (0.007838) | 0.0463 | 0.02427 (0.01086) | 0.0263 | −0.00357 (0.008708) | 0.6825 | −0.00361 (0.006726) | 0.5917 |
| Model 2 | −0.02864 (0.008211) | 0.0006 * | 0.02729 (0.01124) | 0.0160 | 0.01135 (0.009149) | 0.2162 | −0.00142 (0.007028) | 0.8402 |
| Log-transformed high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL) (Total number of observations = 438, of which 46 (19.01%) subjects had one measurement and 196 (80.99%) subjects had two measurements) | ||||||||
| Model 1 | 0.02078 (0.01893) | 0.2733 | −0.02664 (0.02610) | 0.3083 | 0.01023 (0.02099) | 0.6265 | −0.01677 (0.01627) | 0.3039 |
| Model 2 | −0.01466 (0.02111) | 0.4881 | −0.02801 (0.02873) | 0.3306 | 0.06331 (0.02334) | 0.0072 * | −0.00571 (0.01822) | 0.7543 |
| Log-transformed triglycerides (mg/dL) (Total number of observations = 438, of which 46 (19.01%) subjects had one measurement and 196 (80.99%) subjects had two measurements | ||||||||
| Model 1 | −0.05170 (0.04055) | 0.2035 | −0.03424 (0.05541) | 0.5372 | 0.05445 (0.04481) | 0.2255 | −0.00392 (0.03498) | 0.9109 |
| Model 2 | −0.02698 (0.03945) | 0.4947 | −0.04343 (0.05383) | 0.4205 | 0.05072 (0.04378) | 0.2477 | 0.009633 (0.03392) | 0.7766 |
Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINE-1). Model 1 included LINE-1 z-scores at CpG sites 1, 2, 3, and 4 as fixed effects and a compound symmetry matrix structure to model the covariance structure of the repeated measurements for each outcome. Model 2 was additionally adjusted for the following fixed effects: age, sex, and duration of breastfeeding. * p < 0.008.