2,3-BPG	2,3 biphosphoglycerate
ADP	adenosine diphosphate
AMPK	adenosine monophosphate-dependent kinase
ATP	adenosine triphosphate
ADMA	asymmetric dimethylarginine
BPG mutase	Biphosphoglycerate mutase
CD47	cluster of differentiation 47
CER	ceramide
DALYs	disability-adjusted life-years
DAMP	damage-associated molecular patterns
ERK1/2	Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2
FASR	FAS cell surface death receptor
FASL	FAS ligand
I-CAM	intercellular adhesion molecule 1
IL-8	interleukin 8
IL-17	interleukin 17
IFN-γ	interferon-γ
KA	kynurenic acid
LPS	lipopolysaccharide
MGF-E8	milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 protein
MCP1	monocyte chemoattractant protein 1
mtDNA	mitochondrial DNA
NET	neutrophil extracellular traps
NADPH	nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
NF-Κβ	nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
NO	nitric oxide
PAMP	pathogen-associated molecular patterns
PKCζ	protein kinase C ζ
ROS	reactive oxygen species
S1P	sphingosine 1-phosphate
SK1	Sphingosine kinase 1
Th17	T helper cells 17
TLR2	toll-like receptor 2
TLR9	Toll-like receptor 9
V-CAM	vascular cell adhesion protein
VSMC	vascular smooth muscle cell