Table 3.
PICO 1.2 impact of NSAIDs on morphine equivalents
| Author | Outcome definition | Groups | N | Male, n (%) | Age, y, mean (SD) | OME/MME | Study conclusions |
| Weisz16 | OME at 48 hours | Ibuprofen Placebo |
54 44 |
38 (72) 34 (77) |
42 (16) 41 (16) |
23 (18) 27 (16) |
Ibuprofen significantly reduces opioids after traumatic fractures |
| McDonald14 | OME at 7 days | Ketorolac No ketorolac |
64 64 |
23 (36%) 30 (57%) |
48 (15) 46 (17) |
105 (89) 145 (104) |
Decreased use of opioid medications |
| Xu7 | OME at 48 hours | Ketorolac No ketrolac |
31 32 |
16(51) 17 (53) |
50 (11) 49 (12) |
130 (48 hours) 194 (48 hours) |
Significantly less opioid use in ketorolac group |
| Bayouth9 | OME at 7 days | Ibuprofen No Ibuprofen |
21 21 |
13 (62) 17 (81) |
52 (14) 53 (16) |
83 (54) 170 (115) |
Significantly less opioid use in ibuprofen group |
| Haines5 | OME during hospital day | NSAID No NSAID |
21 367 168 690 |
NR NR |
83 84 |
12 (13) 11 (13) |
Significantly less opioid use in the NSAID group |
MME, Morphine Milligram Equivalents; NSAIDS, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; OME, oral morphine equivalent.