Table 1:

Items of the digital questionnaire to evaluate the usability of the low-budget exoscope using a Likert five-point scale.

What is your role in your department?

Was the image quality of the low-budget exoscope superior to that of the conventional binocular microscope?

Was the brightness of the operative field superior when using the low-budget exoscope compared to the conventional binocular microscope?

Was it more convenient to perform the surgery as first operator with the low-budget exoscope compared to the conventional binocular microscope?

Was it more convenient to perform the surgery as assistant or scrub nurse with the low-budget exoscope compared to the conventional binocular microscope?

Is it easier to teach a surgery using the low-budget exoscope compared to the conventional binocular microscope?

Was it easier to zoom with the low-budget exoscope compared to the conventional binocular microscope?

Was it easier to focus with the low-budget exoscope compared to the conventional binocular microscope?

Was it easier to adjust the position and angle of the low-budget exoscope compared to the conventional binocular microscope?

Was it easier to preoperatively set up the low-budget exoscope compared to the conventional binocular microscope?

Did you have to ever convert from the low-budget exoscope to the conventional binocular microscope during a surgery? If yes, please explain the situation that made it necessary to switch to the conventional binocular microscope.

Would you recommend the low-budget exoscope to your colleagues?

Will you continue using the low-budget exoscope in the future?

Do you think the low-budget exoscope has the potential to improve neurosurgical care in low-and middle-income countries?

Which neurosurgical subspecialties will benefit most from the use of the low-budget exoscope?