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Surgical parameters in the microscope group.
| Minimally invasive TLIF | Operating microscope | Low-budget exoscope |
|---|---|---|
| Mean patient age | 53.75±9.91 | 51±7.48 |
| Mean blood loss in ml | 225±30 | 209.5±22.23 |
| Mean operation duration in minutes | 116.5±6.61 | 128.25±6.34 |
| Open TLIF | Operating microscope | Low-budget exoscope |
| Mean patient age | 54.25±10.99 | 51.75±8.35 |
| Mean blood loss in ml | 545±157.59 | 514±97.42 |
| Mean operation duration in minutes | 97±9.02 | 101.5±7.72 |
