Table 4.
Summary of studies on humoral immune response to COVID-19 vaccination in anti-CD20-treated patients compared with HCs.
| Reference | Journal | Vaccine | Study population (n) | Detection time points after full course vaccination | Detected parameters (positivity) | Findings |
| Ferri et al[75] | J Autoimmun | BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 | Autoimmune diseases (26) | 1–3 weeks | IgG-NAb (53.8%) | Rituximab treatment was associated with higher odds of vaccine non-response |
| Boekel et al[76] | Lancet Rheumatol | Unlimited | Autoimmune diseases (27) | 1–5 months | Anti-RBD IgG (43%) | Lower seroconversion rates and antibody titers in patients with anti-CD20 therapy |
| Apostolidis et al[77] | Nat Med | BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 | Multiple sclerosis (20) | 25–30 days | Anti-spike (88.89%) Anti-RBD IgG (50%) |
Lower anti-spike and RBD antibody levels in patients with anti-CD20 therapy |
| Moor et al[78] | Lancet Rheumatol | BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 | B cell-mediated malignancies and autoimmune disorders (96) | 1.79 months | Anti-spike IgG (49%) | Lower anti-spike antibody levels in patients with anti-CD20 therapy |
| van der Togt et al[79] | Rheumatology | Unlimited | Rheumatoid arthritis (196) | 2–6 weeks | Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG (28%) | The response rate was significantly lower for patients receiving 1000 mg rituximab compared with those receiving 200 mg rituximab |
Anti-RBD IgG: IgG antibody against receptor-binding domain; Anti-spike IgG: IgG antibody against spike protein; COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; HC: Healthy control; Ig: Immunoglobulin; NAb: Neutralizing antibody; SARS-CoV-2: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.