Table 1.
Dietary compounds improves immunotherapy by modulating intestinal microbiota.
| Type | Dietary Compounds | Cancer Model | Bacterial population | Cancer Suppressive Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| dietary fiber | Pectin | CRC | Lachnoclostridium(↑), Ruminococcaceae (↑), Faecalibacterium (↑), Subdoligranum (↑) | tumor volume (↓), SCFA (↑), T cells infiltration (↑) | Zhang et al., 2021 (97) |
| Inulin gel | CRC | Akkermansia (↑), Lactobacillus (↑), Roseburia (↑) | cytokines (↑), SCFA (↑), γ-IFN and CD8+T cells responses (↑) |
Ni et al., 2020 (98) | |
| Albuca Bracteate Polysaccharides | CRC | Alistipes (↑), Roseburia (↑), Ralstonia (↓), Staphylococcus (↓) | spleen index (↓), β-Catenin (↓), SCFA (↑) | Yuan et al., 2021 (99) | |
| Fucoidan | CRC | Alloprevotella (↑), Prevotella (↓) | LPS (↓), β-Catenin (↓), SCFA (↑) | Li et al., 2022 (100) | |
| Cellulose | CRC | Saccharimonas (↑), Streptococcus (↓), Eubacteriaceae (↓), Clostridioides (↓) | tumor volume (↓), colon length (↓), proinflammatory cytokines (↓) | Li et al., 2021 (101) | |
| Apple polysaccharide | CRC | Bacteroides (↑), Firmicutes (↓) | tumor volume (↓), inflammation (↓), β-catenin (↓) | Li et al., 2021 (102) | |
| flavonoids | Apigenin | CRC | Actinobacteria (↑), Bifidobacterium (↑), Lactobacillus (↑), Firmicutes (↓) | tumor volume (↓), proinflammatory cytokines (↓), SCFA (↑) | Bian et al., 2020 (103) |
| Corylin | CRC | Bacteroidetes (↑), Patescibacteria (↑), Enterorhabdus (↑), Firmicutes (↓), Turicibacter (↓), Romboutsia (↓) | colon length (↑), serum C-reactive protein (↑), TLR4/p38/AP-1 signaling pathway (↓), M1/M2 macrophage polarization (↓) | Wang et al., 2022 (104) | |
| Bound polyphenol of the inner shell | CRC | Bacteroides (↑), Firmicutes (↓) | tumor volume (↓), SCFAs (↑), indole (↑), β-Catenin (↓) | Yang et al., 2020 (105) | |
| Carnosic acid | CRC | Bacteroides (↑), Firmicutes (↓) | proinflammatory cytokines (↓), SCFAs (↑), | Li et al., 2022 (106) | |
| glycosides | Ginsenoside Rk3 | HCC | Bacteroidetes (↑), Akkermansia (↑), Lactobacillus, Lachnospiraceae (↑), Firmicutes (↓), Proteobacteria (↓) | LPS/TLR4 signaling pathway (↓), number of hepatic nodules (↓), cytotoxic T cells (↑) | Qu et al., 2021 (107) |
| Neohesperidin | CRC | Firmicutes (↑), Bacteroides (↓) | tumor volume (↓), T cells infiltration (↑) | Gong et al., 2019 (108) | |
| biological pigments | Bilberry anthocyanin | CRC | Akkermansia (↑), Bifidobacterium (↑), Clostridia (↑), Lactobacillus (↑) | tumor volume (↓), SCFA (↑), T cells infiltration (↑) | Wang et al., 2020 (109) |
| recombinant phycoerythrin | H22 hepato celluar carcinoma | Bacteroidetes (↑), Allpprevotella (↑), Alistipes (↑), Ruminococcus (↑), Firmicutes (↓), Prevotella (↓), Barnesiella (↓) | tumor weight (↓), sphingolipid metabolism (↑), SCFA (↑) | Qi et al., 2019 (110) | |
| Safflower yellow | HCC | Barnesiellaceae (↓), Erysipelotrichaceae (↓), Firmicutes (↑), Bacteroidetes (↑) | number of hepatic nodules (↓), ALT, AST and ASP levels (↓), weight (↑) | Fu et al., 2021 (111) |
Arrows ↑ or ↓ represent up-regulation or down-regulation.