Table 2.
TCM improves immunotherapy by modulating intestinal microbiota.
| TCM | Cancer Model | Bacterial population | Cancer Suppressive Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gegen Qinlian decoction | CRC | Erysipelotrichaceae (↑), Lactobacillus (↑), Parasutterella (↑) | inflammation (↓), oxidative stress (↓), glycerophospholipid metabolism (↑), sphingolipid metabolism (↑) | Deng et al., 2021 (93) |
| WangShiBoChiWan | CRC | Bifidobacterium (↑), Prevotellaceae (↑), Bacteroides (↓), Lachnospiraceae (↓), Firmicutes (↓) | tumor volume (↓), spleen weight (↓), inflammation (↓), Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway (↓) | Yin et al., 2021 (91) |
| Canmei formula | CRC | Desulfovibrionaceae (↓), Rikenellaceae (↑), Alistipes (↑), Turicibacter (↑), Bacteroides (↑), Faecalibaculum (↑) | tumor volume (↓), proinflammatory cytokines (↓), NF-κB signaling pathway (↓) | Zhang et al., 2019 (112) |
| Spore Powder | CRC | Firmicutes (↑), Bacteroides (↓) | inflammation (↓), cytotoxic T cells (↑) | Yang et al., 2022 (113) |
| Pai-Nong-San | CRC | Firmicutes (↑), Bacteroidetes (↓), Proteobacteria (↓), Lactobacillus (↓) | alleviation of hematochezia, DAI score (↓), colon length (↑) | Zhang et al., 2020 (114) |
| Wu Mei Wan | CRC | Bacteroidetes (↓), Firmicutes (↑), Lachnospiraceae (↑) | tumor volume (↓), tumor marker expression (↓), NF-κB/IL-6/STAT3 pathway (↓) | Jiang et al., 2020 (115) |
| Gui Shao Tea | Gastric Cancer | Firmicutes (↑), Proteobacteria (↑), Bacteroides (↓) | induce tumor cell apoptosis and cell differentiation, block cell cycles | Liu et al., 2022 (116) |
| Siwu-Yin | Esophageal Precancerous Lesions | Turicibacter (↑), Bacillus (↑) | spleen index (↓), regulate the synthesis and secretion of bile acids to affect macrophage polarization | Shi et al., 2022 (117) |
| Danggui Buxue Decoction | CRC | Odoribacter (↓), Helicobacter (↓), Lactococcus (↓), Alloprevotella (↓), Ruminococcaceae (↑), Odoribacter (↑) | tumor volume (↓), SCFA (↑) | Shi et al., 2021 (118) |
Arrows ↑ or ↓ represent up-regulation or down-regulation.