Table 1: Distribution of Ganglionated Plexi Based on Anatomical Specimens and Electrophysiological Data in Humans.
Authors | GP Detection Method | Anatomical Area | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SVC-RA Junction | IAS | LSPV-LAA | LIPV | IVC-CS | LoM | Other | ||
Pachon et al. 2004,2020[59,60] | SA | GP 1 | GP 2 | GP 3 | * | GP 4 | N/D | * |
Lellouche et al. 2007[62] | EGM | + | + | + | + | + | N/D | † |
Armour 2008[55] | Heart sections | RSGP | RIGP | LSGP | LIGP | PMLGP | N/D | (-) |
Nakagawa et al. 2009[58] | HFS | RSGP | RIGP | LSGP | LIGP | N/D | MTGP | (-) |
Kim et al. 2018[57] | HFS | + | + | + | + | N/D | + | (-) |
Aksu et al. 2020[61] | EGM | RSGP | RIGP | LSGP | LIGP | PMLGP | MTGP | (-) |
*Defined fragmented spectral potentials near the left inferior pulmonary vein insertion and the lateral wall of the right atrium and crista terminalis. However, these areas were not defined as GPs. †An A–H prolongation during ablation was seen in the anterior aspect of the mitral valve annulusi 6% of patients. CS = coronary sinus; EGM = electrogram; GP = ganglionated plexi; HFS = high-frequency stimulation; IAS = interatrial septum; LAA = left atrial appendage; LIGP = left inferior ganglionated plexi; LIPV = left inferior pulmonary vein; IVC-CS = inferior vena cava-coronary sinus junction; LoM = the ligament of Marshall; LSGP = superior left atrial GP; LSPV = left superior pulmonary vein; MTGP = Marshall tract ganglionated plexi; N/D = not defined; PMLGP = posteromedial left atrial GP; RA = right atrium; RIGP = inferior right atrial GP; RSGP = superior right atrial GP; SA = spectral analysis; SVC = superior vena cava.