Table 3.
Associations of nighttime sleep duration and variability with caregiver- and teacher-rated child inattention/impulsivity
| Univariate associations for each independent variable and covariate |
Caregiver-rated inattention and impulsivity |
Teacher-rated inattention and impulsivity |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (95% CI) | SE | p | β (95% CI) | SE | p | |
| Nighttime sleep duration | −0.05 (−0.70, 0.69) | 0.35 | .989 | 0.28 (−0.74, 1.31) | 0.52 | .588 |
| Nighttime sleep variability | 1.03 (−0.90, 2.97) | 0.98 | .294 | 2.27 (0.03, 4.51) | 1.14 | .047 |
| Race and ethnicity:1 Black | −0.91 (−2.99, 1.16) | 1.05 | .391 | 4.59 (1.90, 7.29) | 1.37 | .001 |
| Other | −0.20 (−3.55, 3.15) | 1.71 | .906 | 0.94 (−3.72, 5.61) | 2.37 | .689 |
| Lower family income | −2.22 (−4.17, −0.28) | 0.99 | .025 | −1.88 (−4.50, 0.74) | 1.33 | .158 |
| Maternal high school education or less | 0.47 (−1.59, 2.52) | 1.05 | .653 | 0.16 (−2.88, 3.12) | 1.50 | .918 |
| Lower neighborhood SES | −0.60 (−2.85, 1.64) | 1.14 | .597 | 3.31 (0.26, 6.35) | 1.55 | .033 |
| Female gender | −1.78 (−3.67, 0.11) | 0.96 | .065 | 0.07 (−2.56, 2.70) | 1.34 | .958 |
| Age 8-10 years | 0.13 (−2.01, 2.27) | 1.09 | .906 | 1.24 (−1.75, 4.24) | 1.52 | .415 |
| Secondhand smoke | 1.99 (−0.06, 4.03) | 1.04 | .057 | 4.89 (2.11, 7.66) | 1.41 | .001 |
| Prematurity | 1.91 (−0.77, 4.59) | 1.36 | .161 | 1.49 (−2.44, 5.43) | 2.00 | .455 |
| Asthma | 2.11 (0.06, 4.16) | 1.04 | .043 | 2.28 (−0.40, 4.95) | 1.36 | .095 |
| Obesity | 0.98 (−1.05, 3.01) | 1.04 | .346 | 3.44 (0.82, 6.06) | 1.33 | .010 |
| Final models after stepwise analyses2 | Caregiver-rated inattention and impulsivity |
Caregiver-rated inattention and impulsivity |
||||
| β (95% CI) | SE | p | β (95% CI) | SE | p | |
| Nighttime sleep duration | −0.97 (−1.92, −0.03) | 0.48 | .043 | 0.07 (−1.40, 1.26) | 0.67 | .916 |
| Nighttime sleep variability | 2.58 (0.22, 4.94) | 1.20 | .032 | 1.99 (−1.09, 5.08) | 1.57 | .204 |
| Race and ethnicity:1 Black | -- | -- | -- | 3.34 (0.35, 6.33) | 1.52 | .029 |
| Other | -- | -- | -- | 0.47 (−4.36, 5.29) | 2.50 | .849 |
| Secondhand smoke exposure | -- | 4.32 (1.25, 7.38) | 1.56 | .006 | ||
Note. Caregiver- and teacher-rated child inattention/hyperactivity indexed by caregiver- and teacher-rated Conner’s T scores.
1
White assigned as reference group to reflect relative advantages and privileges afforded to this racial and ethnic group in the United States.
2
Final robust regression models contained only the covariates that were significant at p<.05 in stepwise analyses.