Identification of glycogen breakdown products produced after 24 h by culture supernatants of 15 Gardnerella isolates by HPAEC-PAD (A to E) and TLC (F). GL, G. leopoldii; GV, G. vaginalis; GS, G. swidsinskii; GP, G. piotii; and others (2 isolates from Gardnerella genome sp. 3 [top and middle] and 1 isolate from unknown genome species [bottom] [corresponds to the subgroup D based on the cpn60 classification system]); MC, media control; G-M8, glucose-to-malto-octaose standards.