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Schematic overview of the autophagy pathway and modulators. AMPK: adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase; mTORC1: mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1; ULK: Unc-51-like kinase; ATG: autophagy-related gene; FIP200: focal adhesion kinase (FAK) family-interacting protein of 200 kDa; VPS34: vacuolar protein sorting 34; PI3K: phosphoinositide-3-kinase; LC3; PE: phosphatidylethanolamine
