Table 2.
Adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) and adjusted hazard difference (aHD) per 100,000 individuals per year for cancer incidence according to childhood adversity trajectories among 582,595 young women and 613,894 young men.
| Women | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Malignant melanoma (n = 1096) |
Breast cancer (n = 465) |
Brain and CNS (n = 689) |
Cervical cancer (n = 470) |
|||||||||
| No cases | aHR (95% CI) | aHD (95% CI) | No cases | aHR (95% CI) | aHD (95% CI) | No cases | aHR (95% CI) | aHD (95% CI) | No cases | aHR (95% CI) | aHD (95% CI) | |
| Low adversity | 620 | 1 (ref) | 0 (ref) | 209 | 1 (ref) | 0 (ref) | 355 | 1 (ref) | 0 (ref) | 204 | 1 (ref) | 0 (ref) |
| Early life deprivation | 212 | 0.81 (0.69; 0.95) | −3.7 (−6.4; −1.0) | 90 | 1.05 (0.82; 1.35) | 0.4 (−1.3; 2.1) | 158 | 1.06 (0.87; 1.28) | 0.7 (−1.6; 3.0) | 105 | 1.18 (0.93; 1.50) | 1.2 (−0.6; 3.0) |
| Persistent deprivation | 148 | 0.71 (0.59; 0.85) | −6.3 (−9.3; −3.2) | 103 | 1.27 (1.00; 1.62) | 2.1 (−0.2; 4.4) | 84 | 0.74 (0.58; 0.94) | −3.0 (−5.3; −0.8) | 96 | 1.23 (0.96; 1.57) | 1.7 (−0.6; 3.9) |
| Loss/threat of loss | 86 | 0.86 (0.68; 1.07) | −3.0 (−6.8; 0.9) | 42 | 1.25 (0.90; 1.74) | 1.5 (−1.1; 4.1) | 67 | 1.11 (0.85; 1.44) | 1.3 (−2.0; 4.6) | 42 | 1.30 (0.93; 1.82) | 1.9 (−0.7; 4.4) |
| High adversity | 30 | 0.83 (0.58; 1.21) | −3.3 (−9.5; 2.9) | 21 | 1.71 (1.09; 2.70) | 4.8 (−0.3; 9.9) | 25 | 1.16 (0.77; 1.75) | 2.0 (−3.6; 7.5) | 23 | 1.82 (1.18; 2.83) | 5.7 (0.4; 11.0) |
|
Men | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Testicular cancer (n = 1079) |
Malignant melanoma (n = 481) |
Brain and CNS (n = 569) |
Hodgkin's lymphoma (n = 255) |
|||||||||
| No cases | aHR (95% CI) | aHD (95% CI) | No cases | aHR (95% CI) | aHD (95% CI) | No cases | aHR (95% CI) | aHD (95% CI) | No cases | aHR (95% CI) | aHD (95% CI) | |
| Low adversity | 542 | 1 (ref) | 0 (ref) | 270 | 1 (ref) | 0 (ref) | 274 | 1 (ref) | 0 (ref) | 128 | 1 (ref) | 0 (ref) |
| Early life deprivation | 240 | 1.07 (0.92; 1.25) | 1.2 (−1.5; 3.8) | 91 | 0.81 (0.64; 1.03) | −1.6 (−3.2; 0.1) | 127 | 1.14 (0.92; 1.41) | 1.1 (−0.7; 3.0) | 55 | 1.07 (0.78; 1.48) | 0.3 (−1.0; 1.5) |
| Persistent deprivation | 177 | 1.01 (0.85; 1.19) | 0.0 (−2.9; 3.0) | 68 | 0.75 (0.57; 0.98) | −2.3 (−4.2; −0.4) | 95 | 1.15 (0.91; 1.47) | 1.3 (−0.9; 3.4) | 35 | 0.91 (0.62; 1.35) | −0.3 (−1.7; 1.0) |
| Loss/threat of loss | 80 | 0.93 (0.73; 1.17) | −1.2 (−4.7; 2.3) | 38 | 0.88 (0.62; 1.24) | −1.1 (−3.4; 1.4) | 55 | 1.26 (0.93; 1.70) | 2.1 (−0.8; 4.9) | 29 | 1.35 (0.90; 2.03) | 1.4 (−0.7; 3.4) |
| High adversity | 40 | 1.15 (0.83; 1.59) | 2.4 (−3.6; 8.4) | 14 | 0.82 (0.47; 1.41) | −1.5 (−5.1; 2.1) | 18 | 1.06 (0.66; 1.71) | 0.5 (−3.5; 4.5) | 8 | 1.03 (0.50; 2.11) | 0.1 (−2.6; 2.8) |
a: Adjusted for parental age at birth, parental country of origin, parental history of cancer, being born preterm, being born small for gestational age, and birth year.