Fig. 2.

By modeling an ideal L3 graph, we illustrate the conditions using that would lead the L3 principle to assign the maximum possible score to $P_{\mathit{xy}}$ (relative to $P_{\mathit{xy}}$ obtained in non-ideal L3 graphs). a An example of an ideal L3 graph with the four L3-elements x, U, V, and y. b Three measures of how well a (possible non-ideal) L3 graph fits the L3 principle based on its L3-elements