Fig. 3.

The idea behind Formula (6). a An L3 graph with L3-elements x, U, V, and y. b1–b3 Each of the six parts of Formula (6) corresponds to one of the six conditions used to measure how close the graph is to being an ideal L3 graph. Here, the Simple Ratio $f_1$ from Sect. 4.1.1 has been selected as the similarity metric. c Combining all six parts yields Formula (6) for the score $P_{\mathit{xy}}^{L3N(f_1)}$