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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Feb 22.
Published in final edited form as: Am Econ J Econ Policy. 2022 Nov;14(4):397–431. doi: 10.1257/pol.20190628

Table 4—:

Medicaid Spending

(1) (2) (3) (4)
Medicaid Spending Covered Spending Not Covered Spending Healthcare Spending
Treatment ×Post 548
(71)
460
(53)
88
(34)
454
(67)

IV Coefficient 732
(82)
615
(64)
117
(41)
607
(79)

Baseline Mean 2,828 1,560 1,268 2,818
Percent Change .259
(.029)
.394
(.041)
.092
(.032)
.215
(.028)
Individual Fixed Effects X X X X

Note: Table shows reduced form and instrumental variable estimates for Medicaid spending outcomes. For each outcome, the table shows estimates of control-treatment differences from estimating the pooled version of the reduced form specification in Equation (1) and estimates of the impact of Medicaid managed care from estimating our instrumental variable specification, pooling over the entire post-period. We control for service area by quarter fixed effects. Standard errors are clustered at the county level. For more details, see Section III. (N = 643, 751 beneficiary-quarters.)