Table 3.

Mann–Whitney U Test Results comparing each pre- and post-questionnaire survey responses of the three groups regarding motivation and perceived learning

Groups	Pre-questionnaires	Post-questionnaires	Mann–Whitney U test
	M-rank	M-rank	U	Z score	P value
Quizizz (n = 23)	15.83	31.17	88	− 4.243	.000*
Kahoot (n = 24)	18.54	30.46	145	− 3.267	.001*
Moodle (n = 21)	20.10	22.90	191	− .869	.385

*p < .05