Figure 3.

PPVI induces the ferroptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. The HCCLM3 and Huh7 cells were treated with PPVI (2, 4 and 6 µM) for 24 h. (A and B) GSH levels in HCCLM3 and Huh7 cells. (C and D) MDA level detection. (E and F) Fe²⁺ level detection. (G) The Fe²⁺ content in HCCLM3 and Huh7 cells was detected using the FerroOrange fluorescent probe. (H) ROS levels in HCCLM3 and Huh7 cells were observed using DHE. (I and J) The protein expression levels of GPX4 in HCCLM3 and Huh7 cells were detected using immunofluorescence. ^*P<0.05, ^**P<0.01, ^***P<0.001 and ^****P<0.0001 vs. control. NS, not significant; Con, control; PPVI, polyphyllin VI; GSH, glutathione; MDA, malondialdehyde; DHE, dihydroethidium; ROS, reactive oxygen species; GPX4, glutathione peroxidase 4.