Table 2.
Comparison of baseline clinical characteristics between the probiotics and control groups in patients with Crohn disease
| Characteristic | Probiotics group (n=33) | Control group (n=54) | p-valuea) | OR (95% CI) | p-valueb) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 31.5±12.6 | 33.5±11.2 | 0.461 | ||
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 24 (72.7) | 42 (77.8) | 0.593 | ||
| Female | 9 (27.3) | 12 (22.2) | |||
| Disease duration (yr) | 22.6±40.1 | 9.1±15.8 | 0.074 | ||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.0±4.1 | 21.8±3.1 | 0.804 | ||
| Disease location | |||||
| Small bowel | 16 (48.5) | 14 (25.9) | 0.034 | ||
| Colon | 1 (3.0) | 2 (3.7) | |||
| Small bowel and colon | 16 (48.5) | 38 (70.4) | |||
| Disease behavior | |||||
| Inflammatory | 18 (54.5) | 33 (61.1) | 0.810 | ||
| Fistulating | 11 (33.3) | 13 (24.1) | |||
| Stenosis | 4 (12.1) | 8 (14.8) | |||
| Duration of probiotics prescription (day) | 196.1±134.5 | ||||
| Types of probiotics | |||||
| Lacidofil | 12 (36.4) | ||||
| Medilac | 8 (24.2) | ||||
| Bioflor | 3 (9.1) | ||||
| Ramnos | 10 (30.3) | ||||
| Fistula | |||||
| Presence | 18 (54.5) | 29 (53.7) | 0.939 | ||
| Absence | 15 (45.5) | 25 (46.3) | |||
| Physician global assessment | |||||
| Remission or mild | 29 (87.9) | 52 (96.3) | 0.133 | ||
| Moderate or severe | 4 (12.1) | 2 (3.7) | |||
| CDAI | |||||
| <150 | 29 (87.9) | 52 (96.3) | 0.133 | ||
| Mildc) | 4 (12.1) | 2 (3.7) | |||
| Stool frequency (/day) | 2.8±1.8 | 1.7±1.0 | 0.002 | 2.458 (1.381–4.374) | 0.002 |
| Stool consistency | |||||
| Normal | 21 (63.6) | 39 (72.2) | 0.401 | ||
| Loose stool or diarrhea | 12 (36.4) | 15 (27.8) | |||
| Abdominal pain | |||||
| Absence or mild | 24 (72.7) | 52 (96.3) | 0.001 | 1 | |
| Moderate or severe | 9 (27.3) | 2 (3.7) | 81.846 (5.707–173.788) | 0.001 | |
| History of IBD-related surgeries | |||||
| Presence | 18 (54.5) | 19 (35.2) | 0.076 | 4.588 (1.233–7.068) | 0.023 |
| Absence | 15 (45.5) | 35 (64.8) | 1 | ||
| Drug complianced) | |||||
| Good | 28 (87.5) | 48 (88.9) | 0.846 | ||
| Poor | 4 (12.5) | 6 (11.1) | |||
| Prior biologics use | |||||
| Presence | 12 (36.4) | 20 (37.0) | 0.950 | 0.158 (0.030–0.825) | 0.029 |
| Absence | 21 (63.6) | 34 (63.0) | 1 | ||
| Prior oral 5-ASA use | |||||
| Presence | 33 (100) | 50 (92.6) | 0.109 | ||
| Absence | 0 (0) | 4 (7.4) | |||
| Prior topical 5-ASA use | |||||
| Presence | 3 (9.1) | 2 (3.7) | 0.295 | ||
| Absence | 30 (90.9) | 52 (96.3) | |||
| Prior thiopurine use | |||||
| Presence | 21 (63.6) | 47 (87.0) | 0.010 | 0.206 (0.048–0.891) | 0.035 |
| Absence | 12 (36.4) | 7 (13.0) | 1 | ||
| Prior corticosteroid use | |||||
| Presence | 15 (45.5) | 31 (57.4) | 0.278 | ||
| Absence | 18 (54.5) | 23 (42.6) | |||
| Prior methotrexate use | |||||
| Presence | 5 (15.2) | 1 (1.9) | 0.018 | 31.702 (2.016–498.540) | 0.014 |
| Absence | 28 (84.8) | 53 (98.1) | 1 | ||
| Prior iron use | |||||
| Presence | 14 (42.4) | 11 (20.4) | 0.027 | 15.054 (2.963–76.475) | 0.001 |
| Absence | 19 (57.6) | 43 (79.6) | 1 | ||
| Prior psychotropic drug use | |||||
| Presence | 3 (9.1) | 1 (1.9) | 0.118 | ||
| Absence | 30 (90.9) | 53 (98.1) | |||
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 11.9±18.3 | 7.7±19.4 | 0.319 | ||
| ESR (mm/hr) | 17.3±22.7 | 18.1±21.1 | 0.870 | ||
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.7±2.5 | 13.7±1.8 | 0.938 | ||
| Total protein (g/dL) | 7.0±0.6 | 7.1±0.5 | 0.683 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%) unless otherwise specified.
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; CDAI, Crohn disease activity index; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; 5-ASA, 5-aminosalicylic acid; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
Lacidofil: Pharmbio Korea Co., Seoul, Korea; Medilac: Hanmi Pharma Co., Seoul, Korea; Bioflor: Kuhnil Pharma Co., Seoul, Korea; Ramnos, Hanwha Pharma Co., Seoul, Korea.
a)
Mild CDAI was defined as CDAI of 150–220.
b)
Logistic regression.
c)
Mild CDAI was defined as CDAI of 150-220.
d)
One case was not reported in probiotics group of Crohn disease.