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. 2023 Feb 22;14:986. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-36517-w

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Overview of the experimental setup for stress experiments. Black lines below the timeline indicate the duration where plants were exposed to stress. Plants were sampled on day 15. Cultures for observation were returned to normal growth conditions on day 15, and photographs of the cultures were taken on days 15 and 21. b Phenotype of plants on day 21 for heat, cold, osmotic, salt, light, darkness, and nitrogen deficiency stresses. Conditions with underlines represent the stress intensities used for combined stress. Representatives of control from batches F and L for independent stresses performed over 14 batches in panel b (Supplementary Fig. 1 and Source Data 1). c Phenotypes of plants on day 21 for combined stresses. Representatives of control from batches O and R for combined stresses performed over 9 batches in panel c (Supplementary Fig. 1 and Source Data 1). d, e Thallus size of gemmalings on Days 15 and 21. Error bars are represented by standard deviation and Student’s two-tailed t-test, p-value < 0.05. Asterisk (*) represents a significant difference to control, caret (^) represents a significant difference to the first single stress control, and plus sign (+) indicates a significant difference to the second single stress control. The data comprises 131 samples (Control), 8 samples (Cold, Light, Dark), 9 samples (Heat, Salt, Mannitol, HS, HM, HN, SM, ML, NL, MN, SD, MD, ND, HD, CD, CL, HL, LS, SN) and 7 samples (Nitrogen, CS, CM).