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. 2023 Feb 9;14:1034749. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1034749

Table 2.

Mean, standard deviation, and range WCPM and WIPM scores at pre-and post-test by group.

Group n Score WCPM at pre-test WCPM at post-test Change in WCPM1 WIPM at pre-test WIPM at post-test Change in WIPM1
Experimental 15 Mean 83.7 93.5 9.8a 3.1 2.7 −0.5
SD (15.2) (13.3) (7.4) (2.3) (1.5) (2.6)
Range 61–106 65–115 3–28 0–7 1–6 −6–4
Wait-list control 8 Mean 90.8 93.0 2.3 4.0 4.1 0.1
SD (11.9) (13.8) (7.1) (2.5) (3.3) (2.4)
Range 73–106 70–108 −9–10 1–8 0–9 −4–4

1Change score refers to the change between pre-and post-test. aDenotes a statistically significant difference between the groups. WCPM, words read correctly per minute. WIPM, words read incorrectly per minute. SD, standard deviation (with scores shown in parentheses). Score ranges reflect students in third, fourth, and fifth grades, which helps to explain wider ranges for WCPM. Negative values in the last column reflect an improvement in reading during the post-test. The Experimental Group received HELPS-PB between the pre-and post-test period. Whereas the wait-list control group did not.