Table 1.
Relationship between metabolic disorders and thyroid cancer risk
| Author | Year | Study design | Metabolic status | Total patients | TC patients | Measurement | 95%CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Almquist et al.[9] | 2011 | PCS | Met S score | 578,700 | 388 | RR males=1.13 | 0.94–1.35 |
| RR females=1.00 | 0.87–1.15 | ||||||
| Park et al.[10] | 2020 | RCS | Met S | 9,890,917 | 77,133 | HR = 1.15 | 1.13–1.17 |
| Hypertension | HR = 1.08 | 1.06–1.10 | |||||
| HDL-C | HR = 1.17 | 1.15–1.19 | |||||
| Triglycerides | HR = 0.96 | 0.95–0.98 | |||||
| López-Jiménez et al.[11] | 2022 | RCS | Met S | 13,626 | 2,709 | OR = 1.71 | 1.50–1.95 |
| Nguyen et al.[12] | 2022 | PCS | Met S | 160,650 | 471 | HR normal weight =1.57* | 1.02–2.40 |
| HR obesity =1.71* | 1.21–2.41 | ||||||
| Son et al.[13] | 2018 | RCS | Obesity | 351,402 | 3,308 | HR BMI =1.27 | 1.05–1.55 |
| Kitahara et al.[14] | 2016 | Meta analysis | Obesity | 2,094,047 | 2,996 | HR BMI per 5 kg/m =1.06 | 1.02–1.10 |
| HR WC per 5 cm =1.03 | 1.01–1.05 | ||||||
| Kwon et al.[15] | 2019 | RCS | Obesity | 11,323,006 | 50,464 | HR BMI =1.52 | 1.45–1.59 |
| Schmid et al.[16] | 2015 | Meta analysis | Obesity | NA | 12,199 | RR = 1.55 | 1.21–1.99 |
| Yin et al.18 | 2018 | Meta analysis | Hyperglycemia | 21,713 | 4,707 | RR insulin resistance =1.59 | 1.12–2.27 |
| RR diabetes =1.40 | 1.15–1.70 | ||||||
| Hypertension | RR = 1.34 | 1.22–1.47 | |||||
| Dyslipidemia | RR = 1.05 | 0.97–1.13 | |||||
| Rahman et al.[18] | 2020 | RCS | Obesity | 2070 | 1013 | OR = 1.72 | 1.37–2.16 |
| Youssef et al.22 | 2020 | Meta analysis | Obesity | 24,489,477 | 18,015 | RR = 1.5 | 1.45–1.55 |
| Recalde et al.21 | 2021 | PCS | Obesity | 3, 658,417 | 2,688 | RR BMI per 1SD =1.08 | 0.94–1.26 |
| RR WC per 1SD =1.15 | 0.98–1.34 | ||||||
| Kitahara et al.23 | 2011 | PCS | Obesity | 197,710 | 210 | HR WC male =1.79 | 1.21–2.63 |
| HR WC female =1.54 | 1.05–2.26 | ||||||
| Kitahara et al.[23] | 2020 | PCS | Obesity | 457,331 | 604 | HR BMI =1.3 | 1.05–1.62 |
| Wang et al.[25] | 2021 | Case-control | Hyperglycemia | 5874 | 2,937 | OR diabetes =0.75 | 0.21–2.73 |
| Zhan et al.[26] | 2009 | RCS | Hyperglycemia | 4,421 | 73 | OR diabetes =14.32 | 1.56-131.49 |
| OR FPG =1.49 | 1.09–2.02 | ||||||
| Lo et al.[27] | 2012 | RCS | Hyperglycemia | 1,790,868 | 1,309 | HR diabetes =1.17 | 1.05–1.31 |
| Li et al.[28] | 2017 | Meta analysis | Hyperglycemia | 10,725,884 | 8,032 | RR diabetes =1.2 | 1.09–1.33 |
| Yeo et al.[29] | 2014 | Meta analysis | Hyperglycemia | NA | 3566 | RR diabetes =1.18 | 1.08–1.28 |
| Heidar et al[33] | 2017 | Case-control | Hyperglycemia | 60 | 30 | OR insulin resistance=4.95 | 1.27–17.6 |
| OR HOMA−IR =2.43 | 1.35–5.51 | ||||||
| Bae et al.[34] | 2015 | RCS | Hyperglycemia | 1,272 | 735 | OR insulin=2.88 | 2.01–4.11 |
| OR glucose = 9.32 | 2.81–5.89 | ||||||
| OR HOMA−IR = 4.07 | 6.28–13.83 | ||||||
| Ulmer et al.[41] | 2009 | PCS | Triglyceride | 156,153 | 101 | HR = 1.96 | 1.00-3.84 |
PCS prospective cohort study, RCS retrospective cohort study, Met S metabolic syndrome, RR risk ratio, HR hazard ratio, OR odd ratio, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, NA not available, BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference, SD standard deviation, FSG fasting serum glucose, HOMA-IR homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, CI confidence interval
*The population in test group are metabolically unhealthy women with normal weight or obesity