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. 2023 Feb 22;14:989. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-36645-3

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a The far-field experimental setup in an anechoic chamber. b Photographs of the fabricated prototype. c Zynq-7000 SoC series FPGA for voltage control. d The measured far-field patterns when beams on the E-plane vary from −40° to 40° at 5.8 GHz. These experiments verify that the DPM can shape the far-field patterns in the spatial domain by configuring the digital codes.