Figure 6.

Celecoxib treatment specifically reduced M2 in the granulomas

The effect of celecoxib on granulomatous macrophage polarization was evaluated in the guinea pig granuloma model.

(A) Lung sections derived from celecoxib-treated (right panel) and vehicle-treated (left panel) guinea pigs were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, with representative micrographs obtained from two independent experiments shown. Scale bars, 500 μm.

(B) Granulomas were counted for 3–4 animals per group (vehicle, n = 3; celecoxib, n = 4). The numbers of granulomas per section is shown as dot plots, and the mean values as lines.

(C) Lung sections derived from celecoxib-treated and vehicle-treated guinea pigs were labeled with anti-Arg1 (green) and anti-A9 (red) and detected via immunofluorescence staining. Scale bars, 100 μm. The bottom panel shows a magnified view (100×) of the white inset boxes outlined in the top panels. Scale bars, 10 μm.

(D) Arg1⁺ and A9⁺ cells in the magnified view of the field were counted for 3–4 animals per group, dot plot data are shown, and the mean values are shown as lines. Vehicle- (○) and celecoxib-treated animals (•).

(E) Lung sections derived from celecoxib-treated and vehicle-treated guinea pigs were labeled with anti-Nos2 (green) anti-A9 (red) and detected via immunofluorescence.

(F) Nos2⁺ and A9⁺ cells were counted for 3–4 animals per group, dot-plot data are shown, and the mean values are shown as lines. Vehicle- (○) and celecoxib-treated animals (•). Data were pooled from two independent experiments and shown as mean ± SEM. ∗∗p < 0.005, Welch’s t-test.