Table 2.

Collective strength of evidence to date (per AAN criteria): ketogenic interventions in AD, MCI, and PD.

For cognitive improvement among patients with mild-to-moderate AD who are APOε4-	“B” (probably effective)
For cognitive improvement among patients with mild-to-moderate AD who are APOε4+	“U” (unproven)
For cognitive improvement among patients with MCI*	“B” (probably effective)
For improvement of non-motor features in PD	“C” (possibly effective)
For improvement of motor features in PD	“U” (unproven)

^*While there are consistent Class II studies demonstrating cognitive benefits of ketogenic interventions among subjects with MCI, some of these studies were not sufficiently powered to assess the potential modulating effect of APOε4 status on ketosis or therapeutic outcomes.