Table 4.

Relative potency of ketogenic interventions.

Intervention	Typical serum β-HB level*
12-hour fast	0.08–0.1 mmol/L
Coconut oil	0.2–0.3 mmol/L
MCT oil	0.3–0.6 mmol/L
Low-carbohydrate diet	0.4–0.65 mmol/L
Ketogenic diet	0.5–2.5 mmol/L
Exogenous ketones	2.5–4 mmol/L

^*While serum β-HB concentration will vary as a function of dosage as well as potency in the setting of supplementation, these ranges were approximated in the process of our literature review as being generally representative of the mean serum β-HB level achieved by subjects in response to a particular intervention. We also referred to data published by Henderson et al. (24) and Norgen et al. (55).