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. 2022 Nov 4;9(1):635. doi: 10.18063/ijb.v9i1.635

Figure 5.

Figure 5

(A) Schematic explanation of the components and crosslinking process of graphene oxide (GO)/phenol-rich gelatin (GHPA) hydrogel formation. (B) Full size images of the sol–gel phase transition of the GO/GHPA gel and its three-dimensional (3D)-printed construct. (C) Live/dead assay of the cell-laden 3D-printed constructs. (D) Immunocytochemical analysis of C2C12 cell-laden hydrogels. (a) Confocal microscope images of the cell-laden construct cultured in GHPA@GM (GHPA hydrogel cultured in growth medium), GHPA@DM (GHPA hydrogel cultured in differentiation medium), and GO/GHPA@GM (GO/GHPA hydrogel cultured in growth medium). Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate (FITC), tetramethylrhodamine-isothiocyanate (TRITC), and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) stain myosin heavy chain (MHC), f-actin, and nucleus, respectively. (b) 3D images of GO/GHPA@GM were acquired through z-stack confocal microscope imaging. (c) The ratio of MHC-positive area per cell area of the printed constructs. (d) F-actin orientation measured by color mapping. (e) Western blot and normalized expression level of myogenic markers on the C2C12 cells in printed constructs. Reprinted from ACS Macro Letters, 10, Kang MS, Kang JI, Le Thi P, et al., Three-dimensional printable gelatin hydrogels incorporating graphene oxide to enable spontaneous myogenic differentiation, 426.32, Copyright (2021), with permission from American Chemical Society[106].