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. 2023 Feb 23;20:21. doi: 10.1186/s12954-023-00754-5

Table 3.

SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity and reported COVID-19 exposures in persons who inject drugs and their partners, living with and without HIV (N = 1000)

Characteristic All
(N = 1000)
SARS-CoV-2 seropositive
(N = 309)
n (%)
COVID-19 Symptoms in Past 2 Weeks*
Fever or chills 231 (23.1) 65 (21.0)
Cough 305 (30.5) 90 (29.1)
Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing 92 (9.2) 25 (8.1)
Muscle or body aches 179 (17.9) 46 (14.9)
Headache 250 (25.0) 79 (25.6)
New loss of taste or smell 56 (5.6) 17 (5.5)
Sore throat 88 (8.8) 20 (6.5)
Congestion or runny nose 261 (26.1%) 76 (24.6)
Nausea or vomiting 111 (11.1) 26 (8.4)
None 390 (39.0) 122 (39.5)
High-Risk Exposure in Past 2 Weeks
Yes 29 (2.9) 9 (2.9)
No 971 (97.1) 300 (97.1)
Any Sexual or Injecting Partners Diagnosed with COVID-19
Yes 32 (3.2) 15 (4.9)
No 968 (96.8) 294 (95.1)
Any Sexual or Injecting Partners Died From COVID-19 or Flu-Like Illness since March 2020
Yes 44 (4.4) 15 (4.9)
No 956 (95.6) 294 (95.1)
Any Housing Partners Diagnosed with COVID-19
Yes 34 (3.4) 8 (2.6)
No 966 (96.6) 301 (97.4)
Any Housing Partners Died From COVID-19 or Flu-Like Illness since March 2020
Yes 30 (3.0) 7 (2.3)
No 969 (96.9) 301 (97.4)

*Participants with multiple symptoms are represented more than once