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. 2022 Nov 29;9(1):648. doi: 10.18063/ijb.v9i1.648

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Copyright: © 2022 Ganguly et al.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Combined methods of micro/nanosurface modification manufacture for rapid hemostasis. (A) 3D/4D printing and electrospinning techniques can be combined to achieve beneficial micro/nanosurface manipulations in hemostat fabrication^[154]. (B) SEM images of electrospun nanoclay membranes: polyvinylpyrrolidone electrospun membrane (PVPEM), halloysite electrospun membrane (HEM), and kaolinite electrospun membrane (KEM)^[14,41]. (C) Advanced fabrication for electrospun 3D nanofiber aerogels and scaffolds^[94]. (D) Macroscopic images and subsequent evaluation of the hemostatic capacity of different electrospun sponges^[107]. (E) A nanofiber sponge undergoing different degrees of compression. Water absorption and porosity percentages between the sponge and a membrane are compared^[7].