Table 2.
Impacts of drought stress on some major crops.
| Crop | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Wheat | Spikelet fertility and grain filling reduced crop yields and quality |
Grzesiak et al., 2019 |
| Reduced leaf area | Naz and Perveen, 2021 | |
| Rice | Poor seedling germination | Liang et al., 2021 |
| Reduced leaf area | Naz and Perveen, 2021 | |
| Pea | Poor seedling germination | Al-Quraan et al., 2021 |
| Reduces nitrogen fixation | Gonzalez et al., 2001 | |
| Maize | Seedling germination | |
| Reduced number of leaves | Ahmad et al., 2019 | |
| Reduced hypocotyl length and fresh and dry weight of roots | Hu and Chen, 2020 | |
| Decreased seed oil content | Ali et al., 2010 | |
| Phaseolus vulgaris | Drop in the dry weight of the shoot | Widuri et al., 2018 |
| Soybean | Reduces nitrogen fixation | Serraj, 2003 |
| Decreased oil content up to 12.4%, reduction in oleic acid content | Dornbos and Mullen, 1992 | |
| Common bean | Altered Fe, Zn, P, and N nutrient concentrations, decreased in total protein content | Ghanbari et al., 2013 |
| Chickpea | Altered ABA levels and seed-filling rate | Sehgal et al., 2018 |
| Nicotiana tabacum | Chlorophyll pigments affected | Hu et al., 2018 |