Table 3.

Mean estimates of energy-adjusted intakes of nutrients (by the density model) derived from the 4-day weighed dietary record (DR) and those derived from the web and paper versions of the food combination questionnaire (FCQ), and Pearson correlation coefficients between these estimates in 111 Japanese women and 111 Japanese men^*

	Women					Men
				Pearson Correlation coefficient					Pearson Correlation coefficient
	DR	Web FCQ	Paper FCQ	DR and web FCQ	DR and paper FCQ	DR	Web FCQ	Paper FCQ	DR and web FCQ	DR and paper FCQ
Protein (% energy)	15⋅0 ± 2⋅5	13⋅2 ± 0⋅9c	13⋅3 ± 0⋅9c	0⋅36c	0⋅34c	14⋅0 ± 2⋅2	12⋅8 ± 0⋅8c	13⋅0 ± 0⋅8c	0⋅38c	0⋅33c
Fat (% energy)	31⋅4 ± 4⋅9	26⋅7 ± 2⋅6c	26⋅9 ± 2⋅5c	0⋅30b	0⋅32c	28⋅9 ± 5⋅5	25⋅7 ± 2⋅3c	26⋅0 ± 2⋅0c	0⋅34c	0⋅34c
SFA (% energy)	9⋅4 ± 2⋅0	7⋅5 ± 1⋅2c	7⋅6 ± 1⋅1c	0⋅42c	0⋅41c	8⋅3 ± 1⋅9	7⋅0 ± 1⋅0c	7⋅1 ± 0⋅9c	0⋅39c	0⋅28b
MUFA (% energy)	11⋅9 ± 2⋅3	10⋅0 ± 1⋅0c	10⋅1 ± 0⋅9c	0⋅22a	0⋅25b	11⋅3 ± 2⋅5	9⋅7 ± 0⋅9c	9⋅8 ± 0⋅8c	0⋅30b	0⋅33c
PUFA (% energy)	6⋅4 ± 1⋅5	6⋅1 ± 0⋅4	6⋅2 ± 0⋅4	0⋅23a	0⋅24a	5⋅9 ± 1⋅5	6⋅1 ± 0⋅4	6⋅1 ± 0⋅3c	0⋅26b	0⋅45c
n-6 PUFA (% energy)	4⋅1 ± 1⋅0	4⋅0 ± 0⋅3	4⋅0 ± 0⋅3	0⋅21a	0⋅21a	3⋅7 ± 1⋅0	3⋅9 ± 0⋅2	3⋅9 ± 0⋅2a	0⋅21a	0⋅37c
n-3 PUFA (% energy)	0⋅87 ± 0⋅34	0⋅80 ± 0⋅07a	0⋅80 ± 0⋅06a	0⋅16	0⋅29b	0⋅84 ± 0⋅37	0⋅79 ± 0⋅07	0⋅81 ± 0⋅07	0⋅22a	0⋅33c
Marine-origin n-3 PUFA† (% energy)	0⋅27 ± 0⋅22	0⋅20 ± 0⋅05c	0⋅20 ± 0⋅04c	0⋅36c	0⋅31c	0⋅27 ± 0⋅2	0⋅21 ± 0⋅05b	0⋅21 ± 0⋅05b	0⋅21a	0⋅22a
EPA (% energy)	0⋅09 ± 0⋅08	0⋅06 ± 0⋅02b	0⋅06 ± 0⋅01b	0⋅34c	0⋅3b	0⋅09 ± 0⋅07	0⋅07 ± 0⋅02b	0⋅07 ± 0⋅02a	0⋅21a	0⋅21a
n-3 DPA (% energy)	0⋅03 ± 0⋅02	0⋅02 ± 0⋅00c	0⋅02 ± 0⋅00c	0⋅38c	0⋅32c	0⋅03 ± 0⋅02	0⋅02 ± 0⋅00c	0⋅02 ± 0⋅00c	0⋅25b	0⋅28b
DHA (% energy)	0⋅16 ± 0⋅12	0⋅12 ± 0⋅03c	0⋅12 ± 0⋅02c	0⋅35c	0⋅31b	0⋅15 ± 0⋅11	0⋅12 ± 0⋅03b	0⋅12 ± 0⋅03b	0⋅20a	0⋅21a
α-Linolenic acid (% energy)	0⋅56 ± 0⋅27	0⋅57 ± 0⋅04	0⋅58 ± 0⋅04	−0⋅02	−0⋅03	0⋅54 ± 0⋅30	0⋅56 ± 0⋅04	0⋅57 ± 0⋅03	0⋅08	0⋅25b
Cholesterol (mg/1000 kcal)	177 ± 57	138 ± 16c	140 ± 16c	0⋅29b	0⋅33c	168 ± 53	137 ± 19c	141 ± 18c	0⋅31c	0⋅27b
Carbohydrate (% energy)	50⋅5 ± 6⋅7	56⋅4 ± 3⋅6c	56⋅8 ± 3⋅7c	0⋅52c	0⋅57c	49⋅8 ± 7⋅5	56⋅7 ± 3⋅6c	56⋅7 ± 3⋅2c	0⋅36c	0⋅59c
Added sugar (% of energy)	6⋅9 ± 3⋅4	4⋅8 ± 1⋅1c	4⋅8 ± 0⋅9c	0⋅21a	0⋅27b	6⋅3 ± 4⋅9	4⋅4 ± 1⋅1c	4⋅5 ± 1⋅0c	0⋅36c	0⋅17
Soluble dietary fibre (g/1000 kcal)	1⋅72 ± 0⋅51	1⋅53 ± 0⋅22c	1⋅59 ± 0⋅22b	0⋅38c	0⋅45c	1⋅43 ± 0⋅44	1⋅43 ± 0⋅27	1⋅49 ± 0⋅25	0⋅35c	0⋅41c
Insoluble dietary fibre (g/1000 kcal)	5⋅16 ± 1⋅49	5⋅02 ± 0⋅64	5⋅20 ± 0⋅60	0⋅40c	0⋅46c	4⋅29 ± 1⋅13	4⋅70 ± 0⋅80c	4⋅93 ± 0⋅74c	0⋅42c	0⋅56c
Total dietary fibre (g/1000 kcal)	7⋅1 ± 1⋅9	6⋅9 ± 0⋅9	7⋅1 ± 0⋅9	0⋅41c	0⋅48c	5⋅9 ± 1⋅5	6⋅4 ± 1⋅2c	6⋅8 ± 1⋅1c	0⋅43c	0⋅55c
Alcohol (% energy)	2⋅08 ± 4⋅50	2⋅44 ± 2⋅03	1⋅75 ± 2⋅45	0⋅72c	0⋅81c	5⋅82 ± 7⋅99	3⋅31 ± 2⋅45c	2⋅84 ± 2⋅59c	0⋅48c	0⋅69c
Water (g/1000 kcal)	1307 ± 384	1055 ± 246c	1100 ± 270c	−0⋅19a	−0⋅31c	1179 ± 247	748 ± 222c	788 ± 198c	0⋅18	0⋅16
Retinol (μg/1000 kcal)	110 ± 203	149 ± 31a	152 ± 32a	−0⋅04	−0⋅03	114 ± 282	143 ± 29	148 ± 25	0⋅10	0⋅06
α-Carotene (μg/1000 kcal)	286 ± 288	240 ± 77	260 ± 69	0⋅28b	0⋅25b	229 ± 217	222 ± 94	254 ± 88	0⋅24a	0⋅26b
β-Carotene (μg/1000 kcal)	1335 ± 853	1313 ± 397	1415 ± 358	0⋅34c	0⋅32c	1074 ± 656	1203 ± 481a	1363 ± 458c	0⋅31b	0⋅32c
Cryptoxanthin (μg/1000 kcal)	52⋅0 ± 98⋅4	113⋅5 ± 26⋅0c	122⋅0 ± 25⋅6c	0⋅17	0⋅25b	29⋅6 ± 49⋅0	101⋅5 ± 27⋅5c	103⋅9 ± 29⋅4c	0⋅18	0⋅28b
β-Carotene equivalent‡ (μg/1000 kcal)	1524 ± 985	1509 ± 437	1626 ± 395	0⋅35c	0⋅32c	1223 ± 755	1381 ± 533a	1560 ± 507c	0⋅29b	0⋅32c
Retinol equivalent§ (μg/1000 kcal)	237 ± 222	276 ± 47	288 ± 50a	0⋅03	0⋅08	217 ± 291	259 ± 55	279 ± 50a	0⋅13	0⋅08
Vitamin D (μg/1000 kcal)	3⋅45 ± 2⋅30	2⋅72 ± 0⋅47c	2⋅73 ± 0⋅40c	0⋅35c	0⋅39c	3⋅09 ± 2⋅00	2⋅70 ± 0⋅50a	2⋅81 ± 0⋅50	0⋅12	0⋅41c
α-Tocopherol (mg/1000 kcal)	4⋅01 ± 0⋅88	3⋅72 ± 0⋅31c	3⋅80 ± 0⋅33b	0⋅24a	0⋅29b	3⋅61 ± 0⋅89	3⋅57 ± 0⋅37	3⋅67 ± 0⋅33	0⋅26b	0⋅38c
Vitamin K (μg/1000 kcal)	112⋅6 ± 50⋅4	101⋅2 ± 23⋅6a	106⋅4 ± 21⋅4	0⋅38c	0⋅36c	92⋅1 ± 43⋅2	93⋅6 ± 26⋅2	102⋅8 ± 26⋅0b	0⋅16	0⋅35c
Thiamine (mg/1000 kcal)	0⋅50 ± 0⋅13	0⋅43 ± 0⋅04c	0⋅43 ± 0⋅04c	0⋅32c	0⋅41c	0⋅46 ± 0⋅10	0⋅41 ± 0⋅04c	0⋅42 ± 0⋅04c	0⋅42c	0⋅37c
Riboflavine (mg/1000 kcal)	0⋅66 ± 0⋅15	0⋅60 ± 0⋅06c	0⋅61 ± 0⋅06c	0⋅42c	0⋅47c	0⋅58 ± 0⋅15	0⋅56 ± 0⋅06	0⋅58 ± 0⋅06	0⋅44c	0⋅41c
Niacine (mg/1000 kcal)	9⋅5 ± 2⋅4	8⋅2 ± 0⋅9c	8⋅2 ± 0⋅8c	0⋅27b	0⋅26b	9⋅1 ± 2⋅2	8⋅0 ± 0⋅9c	8⋅3 ± 1⋅0c	0⋅36c	0⋅25b
Vitamin B6 (mg/1000 kcal)	0⋅65 ± 0⋅18	0⋅55 ± 0⋅06c	0⋅56 ± 0⋅06c	0⋅44c	0⋅47c	0⋅61 ± 0⋅15	0⋅53 ± 0⋅07c	0⋅56 ± 0⋅07c	0⋅34c	0⋅42c
Vitamin B12 (μg/1000 kcal)	2⋅83 ± 1⋅61	2⋅92 ± 0⋅46	2⋅93 ± 0⋅42	0⋅28b	0⋅33c	2⋅62 ± 1⋅50	2⋅90 ± 0⋅48	3⋅00 ± 0⋅48b	0⋅16	0⋅20a
Folate (μg/1000 kcal)	158 ± 48	164 ± 22	171 ± 21b	0⋅26b	0⋅36c	135 ± 49	152 ± 29c	164 ± 27c	0⋅24b	0⋅36c
Pantothenic acid (mg/1000 kcal)	3⋅03 ± 0⋅56	2⋅71 ± 0⋅18c	2⋅77 ± 0⋅20c	0⋅40c	0⋅41c	2⋅73 ± 0⋅54	2⋅59 ± 0⋅20b	2⋅68 ± 0⋅19	0⋅44c	0⋅41c
Vitamin C (mg/1000 kcal)	46 ± 19	47 ± 8	50 ± 8a	0⋅34c	0⋅48c	40 ± 17	42 ± 11c	46 ± 10c	0⋅33c	0⋅51c
Sodium (mg/1000 kcal)	1937 ± 432	2408 ± 182c	2425 ± 155c	0⋅19a	0⋅19	1900 ± 490	2450 ± 219	2434 ± 187c	0⋅34c	0⋅2a
Potassium (mg/1000 kcal)	1307 ± 299	1200 ± 128	1241 ± 132b	0⋅45c	0⋅55c	1119 ± 246	1115 ± 159c	1187 ± 165c	0⋅55c	0⋅53c
Calcium (mg/1000 kcal)	277 ± 96	249 ± 44c	258 ± 47b	0⋅54c	0⋅61c	222 ± 85	218 ± 40	231 ± 42	0⋅51c	0⋅51c
Magnesium (mg/1000 kcal)	141 ± 32	137 ± 11	139 ± 10	0⋅45c	0⋅51c	123 ± 26	131 ± 13c	136 ± 14c	0⋅49c	0⋅49c
Phosphorus (mg/1000 kcal)	555 ± 100	499 ± 34c	507 ± 39c	0⋅54c	0⋅53c	497 ± 93	475 ± 34b	489 ± 36	0⋅49c	0⋅50c
Iron (mg/1000 kcal)	3⋅91 ± 0⋅95	3⋅79 ± 0⋅32	3⋅86 ± 0⋅29	0⋅43c	0⋅48c	3⋅40 ± 0⋅74	3⋅66 ± 0⋅34c	3⋅79 ± 0⋅37c	0⋅41c	0⋅51c
Zinc (mg/1000 kcal)	4⋅40 ± 0⋅77	4⋅01 ± 0⋅23c	4⋅06 ± 0⋅23c	0⋅24a	0⋅25b	4⋅06 ± 0⋅66	3⋅93 ± 0⋅26a	4⋅02 ± 0⋅23	0⋅47c	0⋅38c
Copper (mg/1000 kcal)	0⋅58 ± 0⋅12	0⋅57 ± 0⋅04	0⋅58 ± 0⋅04	0⋅42c	0⋅46c	0⋅52 ± 0⋅09	0⋅57 ± 0⋅04c	0⋅58 ± 0⋅04c	0⋅45c	0⋅51c
Manganese (mg/1000 kcal)	1⋅68 ± 0⋅53	1⋅95 ± 0⋅24c	2⋅00 ± 0⋅24c	0⋅24a	0⋅32c	1⋅58 ± 0⋅52	1⋅90 ± 0⋅27c	2⋅00 ± 0⋅25c	0⋅22a	0⋅34c

SFA, saturated fatty acids; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; DPA, docosapentaenoic acid; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid.

^aP < 0⋅05; ^bP < 0⋅01; ^cP < 0⋅001.

^*Values are means ± standard deviations, unless otherwise indicated. The values derived from the MDHQ were compared with those derived from the DR using the paired t-test.

^†Sum of EPA, n-3 DPA and DHA.

^‡Sum of β-carotene, α-carotene/2 and cryptoxanthin/2.

^§Sum of retinol, β-carotene/12, α-carotene/24 and cryptoxanthin/24.