Effect of NPs on the phosphorylation levels of MAPKs determined by Western blotting assay. (A) Stimulation of various concentrations of TiO2 NPs on the expression levels of p-p38 kinase, p-ERK2, p-JNK and p38; (B) stimulation of various concentrations of TiO2 FPs on the expression levels of p-p38 kinase, p-ERK2, p-JNK and p38; (C) stimulation of TiO2 NPs (150 μg/cm2) on the expression level of p-p38 kinase, p-ERK2, p-JNK and p38 for 15, 30, 60, 120, and 240 min