TABLE 4.
Proportion of antihypertensive medication use among adult CKD patients with controlled or uncontrolled blood pressure (according to 2021 KDIGO guideline) currently taking antihypertensive agent in 2001-2018.
| Antihypertensive regimens | Controlled BP (n = 986) |
Uncontrolled BP (n = 3,467) |
P-value |
| One medication class,% | 33.7 (30.7-36.6) | 35.4 (33.8-37.0) | 0.32 |
| ACEi/ARB,% | 16.5 (14.2-18.9) | 14.9 (13.8-16.1) | 0.22 |
| Diuretic,% | 5.3 (3.9-6.7) | 5.0 (4.3-5.8) | 0.78 |
| BB,% | 7.3 (5.7-8.9) | 8.0 (7.1-8.9) | 0.46 |
| CCB,% | 3.1 (2.1-4.2) | 6.0 (5.2-6.8) | <0.001 |
| Others,% | 1.4 (0.7-2.2) | 1.4 (1.0-1.8) | 0.93 |
| Two medication classes,% | 34.2 (31.2-37.1) | 35.6 (34.0-37.2) | 0.42 |
| ACEi/ARB + diuretic,% | 14.0 (11.8-16.2) | 10.3 (9.3-11.3) | 0.001 |
| ACEi/ARB + BB,% | 6.1 (4.6-7.6) | 6.7 (5.9-7.5) | 0.50 |
| ACEi/ARB + CCB,% | 3.5 (2.4-4.7) | 5.8 (5.0-6.6) | 0.006 |
| CCB + diuretic,% | 1.8 (1.0-2.7) | 2.9 (2.3-3.4) | 0.08 |
| BB + diuretic,% | 4.7 (3.3-6.0) | 4.9 (4.2-5.6) | 0.79 |
| CCB + BB,% | 2.2 (1.3-3.2) | 2.9 (2.3-3.4) | 0.27 |
| Three medication classes,% | 24.0 (21.4-26.7) | 20.9 (19.5-22.2) | 0.03 |
| ACEi/ARB + diuretic + BB,% | 11.9 (9.8-13.9) | 7.2 (6.3-8.0) | <0.001 |
| ACEi/ARB + diuretic + CCB,% | 4.8 (3.4-6.1) | 4.7 (4.0-5.4) | 0.90 |
| ACEI/ARB + CCB + BB,% | 2.6 (1.6-3.6) | 3.1 (2.5-3.7) | 0.44 |
| CCB + BB + diuretic,% | 4.6 (3.3-5.9) | 2.2 (1.8-2.7) | 0.16 |
| Four medication classes or more,% | 8.0 (6.3-9.7) | 8.0 (7.1-9.0) | 0.97 |
| ACEi/ARB + CCB + BB + diuretic,% | 4.0 (2.7-5.2) | 3.9 (3.3-4.6) | 0.96 |
| No ACEI/ARB,% | 30.5 (27.7-33.4) | 37.0 (35.4-38.6) | <0.001 |
Numbers in table are expressed as column percentages (95% confidence interval). ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin II-receptor blockers; BB, beta-blockers; CCB, calcium channel blockers.