Table 2.

Item combined loadings and cross loadings

	IMM	INT	CHA	FB	COMP	RFL	GCL	ADQ
IMM1	0.747
IMM2	0.754
IMM3	0.871
IMM4	0.881
INT1	− 0.481	0.752
INT2	− 0.035	0.781
INT3	0.41	0.880
INT4	0.039	0.733
CHA1	− 0.066	− 0.193	0.874
CHA2	0.26	− 0.025	0.781
CHA3	0.191	0.209	0.967
CHA4	− 0.424	− 0.017	0.778
FB1	− 0.247	− 0.375	− 0.51	0.797
FB2	0.494	0.14	0.749	0.829
FB3	− 0.234	− 0.181	− 0.396	0.706
FB4	− 0.419	0.353	0.325	0.711
FB5	0.262	0.062	− 0.173	0.955
COMP1	− 0.064	− 0.021	− 0.053	0.25	0.936
COMP2	0.064	0.021	0.053	− 0.25	0.936
RFL1	− 0.649	− 0.243	− 0.184	− 0.266	0.52	0.876
RFL2	0.377	0.258	0.332	0.047	− 0.791	0.798
RFL3	0.307	0.008	− 0.12	0.225	0.203	0.868
GCL1	0.062	0.078	0.464	− 0.799	0.016	0.109	0.761
GCL2	0.191	0.069	0.39	− 0.089	0.01	− 0.546	0.847
GCL3	0.358	0.07	0.012	0.114	− 0.724	0.339	0.775
GCL4	− 0.66	− 0.233	− 0.941	0.807	0.733	0.159	0.738
ADQ1	0.01	0.007	− 0.019	− 0.009	0.259	− 0.088	0.015	0.972
ADQ2	− 0.01	− 0.007	0.019	0.009	− 0.259	0.088	− 0.015	0.972

IMM immersion, INT interaction, CHA game challenge, FB feedback, COMP Comprehension, RFL reflective thinking, GCL goal clarity, ADQ adequate learning contents. Bold values indicates the corresponding latent variables