Table 2.

Basic statistics analysis

Variables	Obs	Mean	Std. dev	Min	Max	Skew	Kurt
lnEP	140	− 0.433	0.582	− 1.51	0.695	− 0.174	1.934
lnENVTAX	91	0.238	0.63	− 2.303	1.386	− 0.449	5.051
lnREN	140	2.839	0.867	1.157	3.89	− 0.556	2.247
lnACT	147	4.162	0.58	1.808	4.604	− 1.997	7.01
lnPOP	135	− 0.058	0.697	− 3.503	0.57	− 2.563	10.477
lnUR	138	0.569	0.83	− 4.062	1.459	− 2.753	11.933