Table 1.

Cytokine/chemokines production control and TGF-β1-treated BMDMs from young and aged mice

Cytokines	Young		Aged
	Control	TGF-β (+)	Control	TGF-β (+)
GM-CSF	0.94 ± 0.33	1.03 ± 0.07	0.78 ± 0.10	1.00 ± 0.04*
G-CSF	1.01 ± 0.45	1.14 ± 0.03	0.76 ± 0.12	1.07 ± 0.17*
IL-1α	3.96 ± 1.22	5.80 ± 0.59	3.40 ± 0.54	5.08 ± 0.73*
IL-1β	16.44 ± 6.44	19.10 ± 1.91	12.53 ± 2.28	16.87 ± 3.64*
IL-10	6.31 ± 1.71	1.29 ± 0.12*	4.01 ± 1.07	1.17 ± 0.15*
CD105	12.36 ± 4.50	11.83 ± 1.21	9.58 ± 1.35	12.69 ± 1.66**
EGF	0.37 ± 0.11	0.42 ± 0.03	0.25 ± 0.06	0.89 ± 0.35*
PDGFα	218.34 ± 55.69	856.18 ± 103.05**	166.56 ± 19.76	821.05 ± 143.99**
PDGFβ	30.62 ± 9.36	123.50 ± 4.51***	20.82 ± 3.17	91.04 ± 22.62**
CCL2	160.12 ± 56.04	65.62 ± 8.95*	143.38 ± 71.02	88.03 ± 27.11
VEGF	402.54 ± 147.91	263.22 ± 78.01	324.79 ± 42.49	241.30 ± 106.44
CXCL10	577.83 ± 44.05	33.56 ± 8.63***	321.68 ± 119.46	31.57 ± 4.75*
OPN	4159.76 ± 3108.26	7469.01 ± 1454.25*	2477.5 ± 1083.4	9403.29 ± 1462.13***
Ang-2	136.67 ± 71.45	108.87 ± 15.26	112.36 ± 38.47	105.50 ± 12.34
uPAR	44.94 ± 15.75	330.99 ± 41.08**	38.70 ± 14.06	398.47 ± 165.26*

Cytokine/growth factor values were normalized to total protein levels of the samples and expressed as pg/total protein. Mean ± SD, n = 4, *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 compared to control non-TGF-β1-treated cells of the same age group, paired t test