TABLE 3.
Variable | Model I | P-value | Model II | P-value | Model III | P-value | Model IV | P-value |
OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |||||
Calcium (1,000 mg/day) | 0.72 (0.63∼0.81) | <0.001 | 0.77 (0.68∼0.88) | <0.001 | 0.8 (0.71∼0.91) | 0.001 | 0.82 (0.70∼0.95) | 0.011 |
Subgroup (mg/day) | ||||||||
Q1b (n = 3,576) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | ||||
Q2c (n = 3,692) | 0.72 (0.61∼0.85) | <0.001 | 0.73 (0.62∼0.87) | <0.001 | 0.76 (0.64∼0.9) | <0.001 | 0.83 (0.69∼0.99) | 0.035 |
Q3d (n = 3,846) | 0.65 (0.55∼0.77) | <0.001 | 0.67 (0.57∼0.79) | <0.001 | 0.7 (0.59∼0.83) | <0.001 | 0.79 (0.65∼0.95) | 0.012 |
Q4e (n = 3,857) | 0.64 (0.54∼0.76) | <0.001 | 0.71 (0.6∼0.84) | <0.001 | 0.75 (0.63∼0.89) | <0.001 | 0.80 (0.63∼0.98) | 0.019 |
Trend.test | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.014 |
Calculated using multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed.
Model I: no adjusted. Model II: adjusted for age + sex.
Model III: model II + hypertension + diabetes + cardiovascular disease (CVD) + cancer/malignancy.
Model IV: model III + race/ethnicity + education + marital status + poverty to income ratio (PIR) + body mass index (BMI) + smoking status + drinking status + activity + carbohydrates intake + caffeine intake + total energy intake + serum Ca + serum vitamins D + Ca supplement.
NHANESa, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
Q1b, Ca intake is less than or equal to 534 mg/day.
Q2c, Ca intake ranges from greater than or equal to 535 and less than 817 mg/day.
Q3d, Ca intake ranges from greater than or equal to 818 and less than 1,190 mg/day.
Q4e, Ca intake ranges from greater than or equal to 1,191 mg/day.