FIG 2.

Socioecological predictors of the gut microbiome in wild spotted hyenas. (A to C) Plots of microbiome Chao 1 richness (mean ± SE) for each hyena individual (A), age category (B), or mean monthly prey abundance (C) for 16S rRNA gene data. The shaded lines with a 95% confidence interval (CI) represent the relationship between x and y, estimated as a linear regression. See Data Set S1 in the supplemental material for statistical output from the linear models. (D) Plots of R² values from PERMANOVA models testing whether host individual identity, matriline, age, mean monthly prey abundance, and sample year predicted gut microbiome beta-diversity (for 16S rRNA gene data). See Table 2 for exact model output. (E and F) Plots of beta-coefficients from linear mixed models regressing the abundance of core genera (E) or ASVs (F) against the five host predictors listed above. Each point represents a beta-coefficient and is color coded by host predictor. If a beta-coefficient is positive, the abundances of that bacterial taxon were positively correlated with the host predictor. Only beta-coefficients with P values of <0.05 after correcting for multiple comparisons are displayed.