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. 2023 Feb 20;11:e14907. doi: 10.7717/peerj.14907

Table 2. Summary of influencing factors.

Inclusion of literature Country Type of study Sample capacity Influencing factors NOS score
Cases Controls
Gao et al. (2022) China Case control study 125 122 ①②③ 7
Li et al. (2013) China Case control study 181 106 ④⑤⑥⑦ 7
Zhou et al. (2010) China Case control study 190 134 ①③⑯⑰ 7
Dong (2021) China Case control study 60 40 ③④⑤⑥ 7
Yu et al. (2020) China Cohort study 1,100 147 ①③④⑤⑥⑧⑨⑩⑫ 9
de Almeida et al. (2014) Brazil Cohort study 593 754 ⑦⑨⑩ 9
Akter, Parvin & Yasmeen (2013) Bangladesh Cohort study 785 1,525 ①③⑤⑬⑭ 9
Miller, Lee & Gould (2011) USA Cohort study 4,932 3,850 ①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑨⑪⑮ 9
Wilson et al. (2018) Sweden Cohort study 3,132 2,729 9
Lee et al. (2019) Korea Cohort study 3,462 1,211 ①③⑤⑥⑧⑨⑩⑫ 9

Note:

① Birth weight; ② Multiple births; ③ Neonatal resuscitation; ④ Antenatal steroids; ⑤ Cesarean section; ⑥ Apgar score; ⑦ Failure to keep warm in time; ⑧ Small for gestational age (SGA); ⑨ Maternal combined complications; ⑩ Gestational age; ⑪ Race; ⑫ Premature rupture of membranes (PROM); ⑬ Newborn age (hour); ⑭ Socioeconomic status; ⑮ Spontaneous delivery; ⑯ Not born in our hospital; ⑰ Born in the cold season.