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. 2022 Jun 15;4:100069. doi: 10.1016/j.dadr.2022.100069

Table 3.

Characteristics of overdose fatalities by race.

White African American
Age***
18 - 34 29.4 18.5
35 - 49 34.9 25.0
50 - 64 33.6 50.0
65 and over 2.1 6.5
Residence
Cleveland 51.0 65.7
Inner Ring Suburb 21.6 20.4
Outer Ring Suburb 17.6 4.6
Out of County 9.7 9.3
Education
No High School 2.1 1.0
High School 76.2 80.4
College 21.7 18.6
Occupation
Construction/Manual Labor 41.7 32.9
Service 14.7 25.9
Unemployed 4.9 3.5
Other 38.6 37.7
Marital Status
Single 59.7 63.0
Married 11.3 12.0
Divorced 28.9 25.0
Gender
Male 69.7 74.1
Female 30.3 25.9
Injury Location
Home 89.3 92.9
Public 10.7 7.1
Previous Illicit Drug Use 95.4 95.7
Previous Prescription Pill Use** 35.1 20.4
Previous Medical Treatment 75.4 71.6
Mental Health History* 40.8 29.5
Previous IV Drug use
Using Drugs with Others 14.5 12.2
Others Present, But Not Using Drugs 65.5 72.0
Number of Drugs
1 12.0 8.3
2 23.0 31.5
3 or more 65.1 60.2
All Fentanyl 89.2 91.7
Carfentanil 34.9 35.2
Cocaine and Any Opioid* 34.7 46.3
Cocaine and Any Fentanyl* 31.5 44.5

*=p<.05; **=p<.01; ***=p<.001.