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[Preprint]. 2023 Feb 18:2023.02.17.528937. [Version 1] doi: 10.1101/2023.02.17.528937

Figure 1. Ketogenic diet slows down tumor growth but shortens overall survival in C26 and KPC murine models of cancer cachexia.

Figure 1.

(A) Longitudinal tumor volume in C26 tumor-bearing mice fed ketogenic (KD) or standard (NF) diets (n=12). (B) Longitudinal tumor area in KPC tumor-bearing mice fed KD or NF (n=8). (C) Overall survival of C26 tumor-bearing mice and littermate controls on KD or NF (n=7 LM, n=17-18 C26). (D) Overall survival of KPC tumor-bearing mice and PC controls fed KD or NF (n=6-8). (E-F) Longitudinal glucose measurements from day 0 of diet change to cachectic endpoint in C26 tumor-bearing mice and littermate controls (n=5 LM, n=20 C26) (E), and in KPC tumor-bearing mice and PC controls (n=10) (F), fed either KD or NF diets. (G-H) Longitudinal ketone measurements from day 0 of diet change of cachectic endpoint in C26 tumor-bearing mice and littermate controls (n=5 LM, n=20 C26) (G), and in KPC tumor-bearing mice and PC controls (n=10) (H), fed either KD or NF diets.

Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. Overall survival (OS): time until mice reach >15% bodyweight loss. Differences in (A-B) were assessed by fitting a mixed effect model with coefficients for the intercept, slope and the difference in the slope between diets, and a random component for each individual mouse. Kaplan–Meier curves in (C-D) were statistically analyzed by using the log-rank (Mantel–Cox) test. Two-way ANOVA statistical tests with Tukey’s correction for post hoc comparisons were performed in (E-H). * p-value < 0.05, ** p-value < 0.01, *** p-value < 0.001, **** p-value < 0.0001.