Table 1.

Utilizing geriatric assessment (GA) measures in clinical trial design and how approaches may contribute to overarching trial goal

Roles for GA measures	What is the goal?
Characterize the patient population  (“Ideal Table 1” for clinical trial manuscripts)	Enhance interpretation and generalizability of study results (ie, providers can determine if study results apply to individual patient). Analyze subsets that benefit more or less from study intervention or experience greater or lesser toxicity. Facilitate adaptive design (ie, adapting trial eligibility based on observed toxicity or outcomes).
Define eligibility	Include only patients fit enough for specific treatment (ie, ruling in fit patients). Exclude only patients who are frail. Study patients who are vulnerable or prefrail (ie, exclude fit and frail).
Predict treatment outcomes	Develop predictive models. Inform future inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Utilize GA as the intervention to personalize cancer treatment	Test tailored treatment regimens.
Utilize GA as the intervention to guide supportive care	Test strategies to intervene on GA identified vulnerabilities to enhance quality of life, treatment tolerance, or resilience.
Utilize GA as the intervention to guide care delivery	Test care models to improve outcomes for patients at risk for toxicity or increased health-care utilization. Use GA information to inform caregiver interventions.
Utilize GA as outcome measures	Evaluate treatment tolerability. Evaluate survivorship trajectories of function or frailty.